Feeding habits and microplastic ingestion of short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma, in a tropical estuarine environment

Feeding Habits and the Occurrence of Anthropogenic Debris in the Stomach Content of Marine Fish from Pattani Bay, Gulf of Thailand

“…In general, the seasonal pattern of southern Thailand is influenced by the sea on both sides and heavy rains throughout the year. Based on the rainfall level, Pattani province has three seasons: dry season from January to May, moderate rainfall season (southwest monsoon) from May to September, and heavy rainy season (northeast monsoon) from September to December [ 14 , 15 , 48 , 49 ]. On average, Pattani province has seven months of rainfall and five months of drought due to the northeast monsoon (November–February) and southwest monsoon (May–September) [ 48 ].…”

“…The main site of this study comprised the area around the vicinity of the mouth of the bay, called Rusamilae fishing village. This area was selected because it is locally known as a major fishing ground by local fisherfolk [ 15 , 49 ].…”

“…Altogether, 13-month fish sampling was conducted from February 2019 to February 2020. Fish were caught at three water depth contours of 2, 4, and 6 m using a set of multiple-mesh-sized mackerel gill nets with 3.0, 4.0, and 4.5 cm stretched mesh-sizes, 3.5 m deep and 540 m long; therefore, each mesh was 180 m long [ 14 , 15 ]. At each sampling station, a set of multiple-mesh-sized nets were hauled and left to drift for around one hour between 18:00 and 19:00.…”

“…There are some studies of diet overlap, food selection, and resource partitioning of fish in tropical and nontropical regions. Examples include the fish community inhabiting the bay mouth region in Thailand [ 14 ], short mackerel ( Rastrelliger brachysoma ) in a tropical estuarine environment [ 15 ], estuarine–reef habitat fish in Brazil [ 9 ], demersal fish on the continental shelf of the East/Japan Sea [ 10 ] and Southern Tyrrhenian Sea [ 16 ], deep-sea fish community in the benthic layer of the Mediterranean Sea [ 11 ], deep-sea shark ( Galeus melastomus ) in the Mediterranean Sea [ 12 ] and southern Tyrrhenian Sea [ 17 ], and diet overlap between jellyfish and juvenile fish in Alaska [ 13 ].…”

Feeding habits of four-finger threadfin fish, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, and its diet interaction with co-existing fish species in the coastal waters of Thailand

“…Feeding ecological study in fishes has been conducted worldwide due to its fundamental importance in understanding the role of fish in ecosystem ( e.g., Wootton, 1990 ; Blaber, 2013 ; Baeta & Ramon, 2013 ; Kwak, Klumpp & Park, 2015 ; Ende et al, 2018 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Dinh et al, 2021 ; Soe et al, 2021 ; Hajisamae et al, 2022 ). Eleutheronema tetradactylum , known as four-finger threadfin, belongs to the family Polynemidae and is mostly found in the estuarine and marine shallow water habitat ( Motomura et al, 2002 ; Nesarul et al, 2014 ; Adelir-Alves et al, 2018 ; Roshni et al, 2021 ).…”