Feeding characteristics and rumination time of dairy cows around estrus

Pahl, C.; Hartung, Eberhard; Mahlkow-Nerge, K.; Haeussermann, Angelika

doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8025

Cited by 57 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast, 86.2% of all cows showed decreased rumination time during estrus. Similar results were reported by Pahl et al . using the same measurement system.…”

Section: Estrus Detectionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of different applications of automatic herd control systems on dairy farms – a review

et al. 2018

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Recent years have seen the rapid development of different devices which can be helpful in the daily work of livestock farmers. The growing size of livestock herds has led farmers to lose individual contact with their animals, while behavioral studies show that breeders can effectively and precisely monitor a herd of up to 100 cows. This was the main motivation for this study, which aims to identify and test various electronic devices which provide useful herd management data, including estrus detection, individual activity and body temperature measurement, monitoring rumen pH levels, milk quality and content as well as milk temperature and somatic cell count measurements. Some devices can detect the metabolic status of animals with a reasonable level of precision. Contemporary animal farms are offered a large number of systems for monitoring the behavior of the animals in the herd and helping to identify those that are intended for insemination or are too active or excessively apathetic. Monitoring devices support herd management and help to reduce costs through the early detection of animal diseases and nutritional problems. This review aims to compile and summarize the information currently available on the use of automatic herd control systems on dairy farms, as well as to discuss the interpretation of the results, providing a useful diagnostic tool in nutritional evaluations of dairy herds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…In contrast, 86.2% of all cows showed decreased rumination time during estrus. Similar results were reported by Pahl et al . using the same measurement system.…”

Section: Estrus Detectionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of different applications of automatic herd control systems on dairy farms – a review

et al. 2018

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“…Rumination time increased as early as one day later and fluctuated within a narrow range from day 2 to day 30 in agreement with the findings of other studies ( Journet and Remond, 1976;Soriani et al, 2012;Braun et al, 2014;Calamari et al, 2014;Pahl et al, 2014;Hoy, 2015;Clark et al, 2015). The nadir on the day of calving has been attributed to hormonal changes (Pahl et al, 2015), and it is possible that parturition itself reduces rumination activity (Grunert, 1993). In one study, rumination was reduced by 70% on the day of calving (Calamari et al, 2014), and in another, the postpartum rebound was slow (Pahl et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Eating and rumination activities two weeks prepartum to one month postpartum in 100 healthy cows and cows with peripartum diseases

Braun¹,

Buchli²,

Hässig³

2017

SAT

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INTRODUCTION: Eating and rumination activities were investigated in 100 cows from 14 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum. All cows were clinically healthy at the start of the study. A pressure sensor incorporated into the noseband of a halter was used to record jaw movements, which allowed the quantification of the daily duration of eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. The cows were retrospectively divided into 2 main groups healthy (n = 24) and ill cows (n = 76), and the latter were further divided into the following subgroups: cows with periparturient paresis (n = 12), retained placenta (n = 13), metritis (n = 17), primary ketosis (n = 19) and lameness (n = 6). Healthy cows had the shortest eating and rumination times on the day of calving; duration of eating decreased continually before and increased steadily after calving. In contrast, duration of rumination varied little except for a significant drop on the days of calving. Compared with healthy cows, eating times of ill cows were significantly shorter before and after calving and rumination time was reduced on days 2 to 4 postpartum. The duration of eating differed between healthy and ill cows before calving, and therefore the usefulness of eating and rumination variables for early recognition of periparturient diseases in cows requires further investigation. SummaryEating and rumination activities were investigated in 100 cows from 14 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum. All cows were clinically healthy at the start of the study. A pressure sensor incorporated into the noseband of a halter was used to record jaw movements, which allowed the quantification of the daily duration of eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. The cows were retrospectively divided into 2 main groups healthy (n = 24) and ill cows (n = 76), and the latter were further divided into the following subgroups: cows with periparturient paresis (n = 12), retained placenta (n = 13), metritis (n = 17), primary ketosis (n = 19) and lameness (n = 6). Healthy cows had the shortest eating and rumination times on the day of calving; duration of eating decreased continually before and increased steadily after calving. In contrast, duration of rumination varied little except for a significant drop on the days of calving. Compared with healthy cows, eating times of ill cows were significantly shorter before and after calving and rumination time was reduced on days 2 to 4 postpartum. The duration of eating differed between healthy and ill cows before calving, and therefore the usefulness of eating and rumination variables for early recognition of periparturient diseases in cows requires further investigation.

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“…In recent years, there has been interest in determining whether automated technologies, including rumination measurements, could be used to supplement or replace visual detection of estrus. Pahl et al (2015) reported for 25 primiparous and 37 multiparous cows a decline in eating time and rumination time on the day before and the day of insemination compared with the baseline days. Differences were greatest on the day before insemination, which would suggest that this information could be used to help improve timely insemination.…”

Section: Estrus Detectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Invited review: Current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows

Beauchemin

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

279

221

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Many early studies laid the foundation for our understanding of the mechanics of chewing, the physiological role of chewing for the cow, and how chewing behavior is affected by dietary characteristics. However, the dairy cow has changed significantly over the past decades, as have the types of diets fed and the production systems used. The plethora of literature published in recent years provides new insights on eating and ruminating activity of dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows spend about 4.5 h/d eating (range: 2.4-8.5 h/d) and 7 h/d ruminating (range: 2.5-10.5 h/d), with a maximum total chewing time of 16 h/d. Chewing time is affected by many factors, most importantly whether access to feed is restricted, intake of neutral detergent fiber from forages, and mean particle size of the diet. Feed restriction and long particles (≥19 mm) have a greater effect on eating time, whereas intake of forage neutral detergent fiber and medium particles (4-19 mm) affects rumination time. It is well entrenched in the literature that promoting chewing increases salivary secretion of dairy cows, which helps reduce the risk of acidosis. However, the net effect of a change in chewing time on rumen buffing is likely rather small; therefore, acidosis prevention strategies need to be broad. Damage to plant tissues during mastication creates sites that provide access to fungi, adhesion of bacteria, and formation of biofilms that progressively degrade carbohydrates. Rumination and eating are the main ways in which feed is reduced in particle size. Contractions of the rumen increase during eating and ruminating activity and help move small particles to the escapable pool and into the omasum. Use of recently developed low-cost sensors that monitor chewing activity of dairy cows in commercial facilities can provide information that is helpful in management decisions, especially when combined with other criteria. Although accuracy and precision can be somewhat variable depending on sensor and conditions of use, relative changes in cow behavior, such as a marked decrease in rumination time of a cow or sustained low rumination time compared with a contemporary group of cows, can be used to help detect estrus, parturition, and some illnesses. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the dietary, animal, and management factors that affect eating and ruminating behavior in dairy cows and presents an overview of the physiological importance of chewing with emphasis on recent developments and practical implications for feeding and managing the modern housed dairy cow.

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Feeding characteristics and rumination time of dairy cows around estrus

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of different applications of automatic herd control systems on dairy farms – a review

Comparison of different applications of automatic herd control systems on dairy farms – a review

Eating and rumination activities two weeks prepartum to one month postpartum in 100 healthy cows and cows with peripartum diseases

Invited review: Current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows

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