Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD)-Containing Treats Did Not Affect Canine Daily Voluntary Activity

Morris, Elizabeth M.; Kitts-Morgan, Susanna E.; Spangler, Dawn; Gebert, Jessica; Vanzant, E.S.; McLeod, K. R.; Harmon, D. L.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.645667

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Currently in the veterinary literature, clinical effects in osteoarthritis and refractory seizures suggests that a dose of approximately 2–2.5 mg/kg every 12 to 24 h shows clinical efficacy which were the tenants of dosing in our study ( 6 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 19 , 26 , 28 , 29 ). While no benefit was identified in this present study, interestingly a recent abstract using the same product used in this study at a 5 mg/kg dose every 8 h may decrease pain scores in patients undergoing intervertebral disk disease surgery ( 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Evaluation of the efficacy of a cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp extract for pain in dogs following a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

Klatzkow¹,

Davis²,

Shmalberg

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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ObjectiveTo determine the impact of a cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) rich hemp product on acute post-operative pain in dogs following a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), and to evaluate for changes in early bone healing, serum chemistry profiles, and complete blood counts.MethodsIn this randomized, placebo controlled, blinded clinical trial, 44 client-owned dogs were assigned to receive either a CBD/CBDA product dosed at 2–2.5 mg/kg PO every 12 h or a placebo for 4 weeks following a TPLO. Variables evaluated before (week 0), and at 2 and 4 weeks post-operatively included standardized veterinary assessments for pain score, weight-bearing, and lameness, the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (pain interference score–PIS, pain severity score–PSS), and serum biochemistry. Complete blood counts were performed at weeks 0 and 4. Additionally, orthogonal radiographs evaluating the degree of healing were taken at week 4. A mixed model analysis, analyzing changes of variables of interest from enrollment baseline to all other time points was utilized, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 considered significant.ResultsOf the 44 enrolled patients, 3 were lost to follow up and excluded from analysis. No significant differences were noted between placebo (n = 19) and CBD/CBDA (n = 22) groups at any point in pain score, degree of lameness, degree of weight-bearing, PIS, PSS, or radiographic healing of the osteotomy. A significant finding of elevation of ALP above normal reference range in the treatment group was identified (p = 0.02) and eosinophil count was affected by treatment (p = 0.01), increasing from baseline in placebo and decreasing in treatment groups. Finally, a significant difference (p = 0.03) was noted at 2 weeks post-operatively where 4 patients in the placebo group and no treatment patients received trazodone to facilitate activity restrictions.Clinical significanceUse of a CBD/CBDA rich hemp product dosed at 2–2.5 mg/kg PO every 12 h did not have a significant impact on pain or delay early bone healing. A statistically significant increase in ALP, decrease in eosinophils, and reduced use of trazodone was identified in the treatment group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Evaluation of the efficacy of a cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp extract for pain in dogs following a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

Klatzkow¹,

Davis²,

Shmalberg

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…However, since the endocannabinoid system is a signaling pathway that regulates several actions, its interaction with different endogenous ligands and neurotransmitter modulation can have beneficial effects on patients suffering from seizures, contact and atopic dermatitis, epilepsy, degenerative myelopathies, asthma, diabetes, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and inflammatory diseases. These compounds also possess antineoplastic, appetite-stimulating, and antiemetic properties (3,90,(113)(114)(115)(116).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals

et al. 2023

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The use of cannabinoids in both veterinary and human medicine is controversial for legal and ethical reasons. Nonetheless, the availability and therapeutic use of naturally occurring or synthetic phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiol and cannabidiol, have been the focus of attention in studies regarding their medical uses. This review aims to examine the role of cannabinoids in pain modulation by analyzing scientific findings regarding the signaling pathways of the endocannabinoid system and discussing the analgesic effects of synthetic cannabinoids compared to cannabinoid extracts and the extent and involvement of their receptors. In animals, studies have shown the analgesic properties of these substances and the role of the cannabinoid binding −1 (CB1) and cannabinoid binding −2 (CB2) receptors in the endocannabinoid system to modulate acute, chronic and neuropathic pain. This system consists of three main components: endogenous ligands (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), G protein-coupled receptors and enzymes that degrade and recycle the ligands. Evidence suggests that their interaction with CB1 receptors inhibits signaling in pain pathways and causes psychoactive effects. On the other hand, CB2 receptors are associated with anti-inflammatory and analgesic reactions and effects on the immune system. Cannabis extracts and their synthetic derivatives are an effective therapeutic tool that contributes to compassionate pain care and participates in its multimodal management. However, the endocannabinoid system interacts with different endogenous ligands and neurotransmitters, thus offering other therapeutic possibilities in dogs and cats, such is the case of those patients who suffer from seizures or epilepsy, contact and atopic dermatitis, degenerative myelopathies, asthma, diabetes and glaucoma, among other inflammatory diseases. Moreover, these compounds have been shown to possess antineoplastic, appetite-stimulating, and antiemetic properties. Ultimately, the study of the endocannabinoid system, its ligands, receptors, mechanism of action, and signaling, has contributed to the development of research that shows that hemp-derived and their synthetic derivatives are an effective therapeutic alternative in the multimodal management of pain in dogs and cats due to their ability to prevent peripheral and central sensitization.

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“…14 Studies testing the safety of short-term CBD use in dogs dosed PO with broad-spectrum hemp extracts at dosages ranging from 2 to 20 CBD mg/kg/day for 2 to 12 weeks reported either no or only mild AEs. 16,22,[33][34][35][36][37] In our study, the only AE noted in dogs supplemented with the highest dose was the higher frequency of soft feces or diarrhea with tenesmus and straining. In another study, diarrhea was a reported AE in dogs receiving oil-based CBD extract, but the study lacked a negative control group, 33,36 and thus no clear conclusions could be made.…”

Section: Adverse Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerability of long‐term cannabidiol supplementation to healthy adult dogs

Corsato Alvarenga,

Wilson,

McGrath

2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundCannabidiol (CBD) has therapeutic potential in companion animals. Shorter‐term studies have determined that CBD is well tolerated in dogs with mild adverse effects and an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. There is need to assess CBD's long‐term tolerability.HypothesisDetermine the long‐term tolerability of CBD administered PO to healthy dogs for 36 weeks at dosages of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day. Our hypothesis was that CBD would be well tolerated by dogs.MethodsEighteen healthy adult beagle dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 6 each that received 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg BW/day CBD PO. Dogs were adapted to their housing for 3 weeks and received treatment for 36 weeks once daily with food. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded daily. Blood biochemistry profiles were monitored every 4 weeks. Data were analyzed as repeated measures over time using a mixed model, with significance at α = 0.05.ResultsThe 0 and 5 mg/kg treatment groups had similar fecal scores, and the 10 mg/kg treatment group had higher frequency of soft feces. No other significant AEs were noted. An increase (P < .0001) in ALP activity occurred in groups that received CBD. Remaining blood variables were within reference range.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceChronic administration of CBD in healthy dogs at 5 mg/kg was better tolerated than 10 mg/kg, and both dosages caused an increase in ALP activity. Although our data does not indicate hepatic damage, it is recommended to monitor liver function in dogs receiving CBD chronically.

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Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD)-Containing Treats Did Not Affect Canine Daily Voluntary Activity

Cited by 20 publications

References 69 publications

Evaluation of the efficacy of a cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp extract for pain in dogs following a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

Evaluation of the efficacy of a cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp extract for pain in dogs following a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals

Tolerability of long‐term cannabidiol supplementation to healthy adult dogs

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