Feeding by the leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata, in relation to xylem fluid chemistry and tension

Andersen, Peter C.; Brodbeck, Brent V.; Mizell, Russell F.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(92)90113-r

Cited by 138 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Hewitt et al 1946;Purcell 1976;Mizell et al 2008). Host switching has been proposed to be a behavior that has evolved in sharpshooters as a means to obtain essential nutrients for somatic maintenance and reproduction from the poor nutritional content of xylem sap (Andersen et al 1992;Redak et al 2004;Mizell et al 2008). Xylem sap quality is also affected by various environmental variables throughout the season (Mizell et al 2008) and thus tissue color per se does not predict vector choice of host-plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the poor nutritional content of the xylem-sap (Andersen et al 1992;Mizell et al 2008), sharpshooter vectors spend from 1 to several hours continuously ingesting xylem-sap (Almeida and Backus 2004;Backus et al 2005), which consists of more than 98% water and very low concentrations of carbohydrates (Mizell et al 2008). Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), for example, consumes between 10 and 100 times its dry body-weight hourly (see Redak et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Background matching behaviour and pathogen acquisition: plant site preference does not predict the bacterial acquisition efficiency of vectors

Rashed

Killiny

Kwan

et al. 2010

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Many insect-borne pathogens are heterogeneously distributed within their hosts: therefore, a vector's within-plant distribution may be a predictor of its exposure to pathogens. In this study, we set out to quantify plant site preference, in the context of background matching, and investigated its effect on acquisition of a bacterial pathogen by its leafhopper vectors. The two green-coloured species, Graphocephala atropunctata and Draeculacephala minerva, preferred green plant tissue and artificial backgrounds whereas the brown-coloured Homalodisca vitripennis preferred brown stem tissue and backgrounds. Within-plant feeding site did not predict either the acquisition success or the number of plant-pathogenic Xylella fastidiosa cells acquired by the vectors; an 86% mortality for G. atropunctata was reported on the lignified stem tissue. Overall, H. vitripennis acquired significantly more cells than G. atropunctata. A novel artificial diet-based transmission system was used to further illustrate that the observed between-species difference in the number of cells acquired was independent of vector-host plant interactions. H. vitripennis, a less efficient vector of the bacterium X. fastidiosa on grapevines, acquired more bacterial cells than G. atropunctata, possibly due to its larger size. Contrary to previous assumptions, pathogen acquisition efficiency by the vectors did not explain their reported differences in inoculation. Vector interactions with the host during the inoculation stage should be evaluated as another determinant of X. fastidiosa transmission efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background matching behaviour and pathogen acquisition: plant site preference does not predict the bacterial acquisition efficiency of vectors

Rashed

Killiny

Kwan

et al. 2010

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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show abstract

“…This behavior may be advantageous for these insects: water stressed and X. fastidiosa-infected plants have some shared physiological characteristics, of which xylem sap under high tension is of paramount relevance. Increased tension in a water column leads to a food source that is energetically expensive for insects, resulting in the ingestion of less xylem sap (Andersen et al 1992;Miranda et al 2013) and promoting the movement of vectors to another host (Krugner et al 2012). Since symptomatic plants are heavily colonized by X. fastidiosa (Newman et al 2003), avoidance of infected plants by vectors may act to reduce transmission rates when disease incidence is low (Sisterson 2008;Zeilinger and Daugherty 2014) and select for decreased bacterial virulence.…”

Section: Biology Of a Plant And Insect Colonizermentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Plant Diseases Caused byXylella fastidiosaEmerge?

2015

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Emerging plant diseases frequently have significant economic, environmental, cultural, and social impacts. The prediction of new disease emergence, associated with new pathogens or not, remains a difficult and controversial topic. The main factors driving epidemics are often only identified several years after outbreaks, generally revealing that a limited number of factors are associated with the emergence of specific groups of pathogens. This pattern is illustrated in the insect-borne xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, an organism associated with several new plant diseases in different regions of the globe. Research during the last decade focusing on several severe disease outbreaks has led to substantial changes in our understanding of X. fastidiosa biology, ecology, and evolution. This new information has not only led to new insights into aspects of the biology of this bacterium and its interactions with plant and insect hosts, but also made available a phylogenetic framework that has allowed for better inferences concerning factors leading to the emergence of diseases. Here we identify and discuss these main pathways leading to epidemics caused by X. fastidiosa. Our ultimate goal was to raise critical questions and issues for academics and regulatory agencies alike, since the information generated during the last decade has both raised new questions but also clarified old ones.

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“…Sharpshooters feed exclusively on xylem sap, which is the most dilute and unbalanced food source used by herbivores (7,8). Xylem composition varies depending on the plant assayed, but the primary components are typically a dilute mix of the amino acids glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, and asparagine; some simple organic acids (primarily malate); and various sugars (primarily glucose) (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xylem composition varies depending on the plant assayed, but the primary components are typically a dilute mix of the amino acids glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, and asparagine; some simple organic acids (primarily malate); and various sugars (primarily glucose) (7,8). The genome sequence of Baumannia was recently completed, along with fragments of the Sulcia genome, both from the invasive agricultural pest Homalodisca vitripennis (formerly H. coagulata, also known as the GlassyWinged Sharpshooter) (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel genomic evolution and metabolic interdependence in an ancient symbiosis

McCutcheon

Moran

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

318

349

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Obligate symbioses with nutrient-provisioning bacteria have originated often during animal evolution and have been key to the ecological diversification of many invertebrate groups. To date, genome sequences of insect nutritional symbionts have been restricted to a related cluster within Gammaproteobacteria and have revealed distinctive features, including extreme reduction, rapid evolution, and biased nucleotide composition. Using recently developed sequencing technologies, we show that Sulcia muelleri, a member of the Bacteroidetes, underwent similar genomic changes during coevolution with its sap-feeding insect host (sharpshooters) and the coresident symbiont Baumannia cicadellinicola (Gammaproteobacteria). At 245 kilobases, Sulcia's genome is approximately one tenth of the smallest known Bacteroidetes genome and among the smallest for any cellular organism. Analysis of the coding capacities of Sulcia and Baumannia reveals striking complementarity in metabolic capabilities.Bacteroidetes ͉ insects ͉ pyrosequencing ͉ Sharpshooters ͉ genome reduction

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Feeding by the leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata, in relation to xylem fluid chemistry and tension

Cited by 138 publications

References 20 publications

Background matching behaviour and pathogen acquisition: plant site preference does not predict the bacterial acquisition efficiency of vectors

Background matching behaviour and pathogen acquisition: plant site preference does not predict the bacterial acquisition efficiency of vectors

How Do Plant Diseases Caused byXylella fastidiosaEmerge?

Parallel genomic evolution and metabolic interdependence in an ancient symbiosis

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