Feeding Behavior and Nutritional Requirements

Kirk, William D. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1409-5_2

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Pollen grains contain some of the highest amino acid, or dietary nitrogen, levels of plant parts accessible to thripsÑmuch higher than most leaf foliage (Virtanen andKari 1955, Kirk 1995)Ñand thus could be a nutritious supplement to a thrips diet. Multiple species of thrips have been observed consuming pollen (Kirk 1995). In fact, pollen supplementation has increased developmental and reproductive rates in many thrips species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Pine Pollen Supplementation in an Onion Diet onFrankliniella fuscaReproduction

Angelella

Riley

2010

Environ Entomol

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A micro-cage bioassay was developed to test the effect of slash pine pollen (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) supplementation to a whole onion plant (Allium cepa L. variety Pegasus) diet on thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) reproductive parameters. Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) females were placed on two to three-leaf stage onion seedling under a treatment of either slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pollen dusting (a pollen supplement) or no pollen treatment. Adult survival, net oviposition, and offspring produced over a series of ten 2-d intervals were recorded. From these values, l(x), l(x)m(x), and R(0) values were constructed. A trimodal distribution of oviposition was observed with the pollen supplement. Increased oviposition rates led to higher female offspring production per female and to a four-fold increase in F. fusca net reproduction on pollen-treated onions.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Pine Pollen Supplementation in an Onion Diet onFrankliniella fuscaReproduction

Angelella

Riley

2010

Environ Entomol

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“…Third, in plants, inorganic nitrogen is converted into intermediate lowmolecular-weight organic compounds, which become high-molecular-weight compounds, such as proteins, nucleic acids, coenzymes, and membrane constituents (Marschner 1986). These could be nutritive to thrips (Kirk 1995. However, excess nitrates and other nutrients can be detrimental to herbivores (Boersma et al 2006), although increased nitrate levels in timothy are associated with higher quality livestock forage (Murphy and Smith 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbivorous thrips feed by puncturing plant cells and removing the contents (Kirk 1995). Isolation and assessment of the particular cell contents on which thrips feed is difÞcult.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plant Quality and Conspecific Density Effects onAnaphothrips obscurus(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Wing Diphenism and Population Ecology

Reisig¹,

Godfrey

Marcum³

2010

Environ Entomol

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Factors that influence thysanopteran wing diphenism are not well known. In these studies, the impact of food quality, mediated through nitrogen addition, and conspecific density was explored on the wing diphenism of an herbivorous thrips species (Anaphothrips obscurus Müller) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). In the first study, nitrogen was added to timothy grass (Phleum pretense L.) (Poales: Poaceae) transplants, and naturally occurring thrips populations were caged on the plants. Thrips abundance and foliar nutrients were assessed every 2 wk. A separate factorial experiment in growth chambers explored the impact of both plant nitrogen addition and thrips abundance on wing diphenism. Thrips density was manipulated by adding either 3 or 40 thrips to potted and caged timothy. Thrips abundance and foliar nutrients were measured 58 d after treatment placement. Plant quality directly affected thrips wing diphenism independent of thrips density in both experiments. Near the end of the field cage experiment, density may have indirectly impacted wing diphenism. In both experiments, plant quality and thrips density interacted to affect thrips population abundance. Plant quality alone can affect thrips wing diphenism, but it remains unclear whether density alone can affect thrips wing diphenism. This is a unique and understudied system that will be useful to examine generalized theories on the negative interaction between reproduction and dispersal.

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“…This difference may be related to how rainfall acts upon thrips. These phytophagous insects are usually found on ßowers and leaves, where they feed along the main vein (Heming 1993, Kirk 1995, Lewis 1997. Clearly, during rainfall, the impact of raindrops on the plant surface results in reduction of thrips population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Composition and Population Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) in Mango Orchards of Northern Peninsular Malaysia

2010

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Thrips are key pests of mango, Mangifera indica (L.), in Malaysia, including the Northern Peninsular. As Penang has year-round equatorial climate and high of rainfall, the populations of thrips may be subject to variations in composition and size. With a goal of developing an appropriate control strategy, a survey was conducted in Penang to determine species composition and abundance in relation to some environmental factors. Sprayed and unsprayed orchards were sampled on weekly basis through two flowering seasons of 2009 using CO(2) collection technique. Larval population falling into the ground to pupate and adults emerging from the soil were investigated in both orchards. Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) and Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) were the most prevalent species in the sprayed and the unsprayed orchards, respectively. The abundance of thrips was high during the flowering period of the dry season and decreased during the flowering period of the rainy season. This latter period coincided with decreased temperature and increased relative humidity. Percentage of adult emergence from the soil was lower in the rainy season than recorded in the dry season in both orchards. Taken together, these observations suggest that T. hawaiiensis and S. dorsalis are the main thrips species pests of mango panicles in Penang. Direct control with insecticides focusing on these two species may help to reduce cosmetic injuries and other damages on mango fruits.

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Feeding Behavior and Nutritional Requirements

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Pine Pollen Supplementation in an Onion Diet onFrankliniella fuscaReproduction

Effects of Pine Pollen Supplementation in an Onion Diet onFrankliniella fuscaReproduction

Plant Quality and Conspecific Density Effects onAnaphothrips obscurus(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Wing Diphenism and Population Ecology

Species Composition and Population Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) in Mango Orchards of Northern Peninsular Malaysia

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