Feeding Artemia and shellfish to phyllosoma larvae of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii)

Ritar, AJ; Thomas, Craig W.; Beech, Adrian R

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00015-7

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The growth (body lengths and widths) and survival of cultured phyllosomas in this study were similar to those found previously (Tong et al, 1997;Ritar, 2001;Ritar et al, 2002Ritar et al, , 2003. By the end of Stage VI, larval dw had increased 17-fold from hatch.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Nevertheless, it was likely that the extended starvation was well beyond their point-of-no-return, which for early Stage I phyllosoma was only 4 days (Abrunhosa and Kittaka, 1997). For starved larvae at Stages II, IV and VI, the reserves were insufficient to permit moulting to the next stage, whereas the intermoult interval for these early larval stages is normally just 10-12 days when fed an Artemia diet (Tong et al, 1997;Ritar et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Ritar

Dunstan

Crear

et al. 2003

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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We examined biochemical changes accompanying feeding and starvation from hatch to Stage VI (day 74 after hatch) in spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, phyllosoma larvae. Larval dry weights (dw) increased 17-fold from hatch (80 ± 1 μg) to Stage VI (1415 ± 44 μg). Larvae starved for 6-11 days at Stages II, IV and VI were 14-40% lighter than their fed counterparts fed enriched Artemia. The increases and losses in total dw during feeding and starvation were associated with changes in the content of protein (constituting 31.4-41.7% of dw) and carbohydrate (constituting 2.6-5.3% of dw), while larger changes in lipid content indicated its greater importance as an energy substrate. Lipid content increased from 7.9% of dw at hatch to its highest of 12.5% at Stage IV, but declined by 50% or more during starvation. This suggests that protein, carbohydrate and lipid are all important energy stores, although lipids are catabolised at a greater rate during food deprivation. The principal lipid class was polar lipid (79-92% of total lipid), followed by sterol (6-20%), with triacylglycerol and other lipid classes at <2%. Polar lipids were catabolized and sterols were conserved during starvation. Changes in the fatty acid profile had mostly occurred before the first moult at day 8 after hatch, with gradual changes thereafter to Stage VI, reflecting their abundance in the Artemia diet. There was some conservation of the major essential fatty acids (EFA), 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, and the fatty acid profile showed large gains in the C 18 PUFA, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6. Ascorbic acid content increased 10-fold from hatch to the end of Stage I (36 and 333 μg g -1 dw, respectively), while the content at the end of Stage II was higher in fed than starved larvae (439 and 174 μg g -1 dw, respectively). Our study will assist in the development of alternatives to nutritionally incomplete diets, such as live ongrown Artemia, to meet the requirements of phyllosoma in culture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Ritar

Dunstan

Crear

et al. 2003

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…However, prolonging the starvation period or even commencing feeding would have resulted in total phyllosoma mortality as this species requires food within the first 4 days post hatching for successful completion of a moult to Stage II (Abrunhosa & Kittaka 1997). A moult to Stage II generally occurs after 9 days of culture (Ritar, Thomas & Beech, in press).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of starvation and feeding on the fatty acid profiles of Stage I phyllosoma of the spiny lobster,Jasus edwardsii

Smith

Thompson

Ritar

et al. 2003

Aquaculture Research

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Fatty acid analyses were conducted on newly hatched and 8-day-old-starved and fed Stage I phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Fed animals were offered excess 1.5 mm juvenile Artemia (enriched using the alga Isochrysis galbana, Tahitian isolate, T. iso.). After 8 days, there were significant increases in larval dry weight and the proportion of lipid in fed phyllosoma, whereas these parameters decreased in starved phyllosoma. The abundance of the saturated fatty acids 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 increased in both starved and fed phyllosoma, whereas the main monounsaturated fatty acids 16 : 1n-7, 18 : 1n-9 and 18 : 1n-7 increased with feeding but decreased with starvation. There were no significant differences in the relative proportions of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) arachidonic (AA, 20 : 4n-6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20 : 5n-3) and docosahexanoic (DHA, 22 : 6n-3) acids between newly hatched and starved animals, whereas quantitatively DHA decreased with starvation and feeding. The DHA/EPA ratio was significantly lower in the starved and fed phyllosoma (0.5) compared with that found in the newly hatched phyllosoma (0.9). The lipid profiles of the newly hatched, starved and fed phyllosoma contained large amounts of n-6 fatty acids resulting in low n-3 : n-6 ratios (2.8, 2.7 and 1.6 respectively).The importance of these results and the ability of enriched Artemia to provide a suitable fatty acid profile for this species are discussed.

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“…In fact, larval survival between culture tanks is typically variable; mortalities are even low occasionally when pathogen levels remain low (Ritar et al, 2002). In Experiment 1, the bacterial content of the phyllosoma appeared to be a more accurate reflection of their health than the bacterial content of Artemia or culture water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ozonation of seawater improves the survival of larval southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, in culture from egg to juvenile

2006

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Phyllosoma larvae of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, were cultured from egg to juvenile. For larvae reared from hatch to Stage III, survival was highest and bacterial contamination was lowest in seawater ozonated at low and moderate levels (400 and 500 mV oxidation-reduction potential, ORP). By contrast, at high ozonation (600 mV), all larvae suffered deformities at the moult to Stage II and terminally starved, while in unozonated water (about 300 mV), all larvae died at Stage III probably as a consequence of Vibrio bacteria profileration. In a second experiment between Stages VI to VIII, larval survival was highest in ozonated water that had been filtered through activated charcoal and coral sand, compared to ozonated water with no filtration or filtered only through activated charcoal. Ozonated water with the combined filtration was used subsequently but there were ongoing deformities, so the level was progressively reduced from 400 mV at Stage VIII to 330 mV at Stage X, at which time ozonation was discontinued. Larvae were then cultured in unozonated water to metamorphosis of eight pueruli at 377 to 437 days after hatch, of which two survived to juvenile. Ozonation was thus effective up to Stage IX in improving culture water to minimise bacterial disease without problems of larval deformities.

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Feeding Artemia and shellfish to phyllosoma larvae of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii)

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Effects of starvation and feeding on the fatty acid profiles of Stage I phyllosoma of the spiny lobster,Jasus edwardsii

Ozonation of seawater improves the survival of larval southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, in culture from egg to juvenile

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