Feeding and Refuge Use by Small Fish in the Presence of Cyanobacteria Blooms

Engström‐Öst, Jonna; Karjalainen, Miina; Viitasalo, Markku

doi:10.1007/s10641-006-9013-8

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Neither avoidance nor aggregation behaviors have been observed in Lake Bourget for the recorded abundance of cyanobacteria. Also, an experiment on the three-spined stickleback (L = 5.85 AE 0.06 cm) showed the use of cyanobacteria as a refuge area in the presence of predator chemical cues (Engströ m-Ö st et al, 2006). These experimental conditions were far from the natural conditions found in Lake Bourget.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Consequently, a high biomass of cyanobacteria probably with low concentrations of intracellular toxins could represent a better refuge than a low biomass of cyanobacteria with more intracellular toxins as found in our study. Moreover, during the experiment by Engströ m-Ö st et al (2006), the chemical cues come from perch (Perca fluviatilis) conserved in a 30 L tank before experiment. Consequently, the concentration in chemical cues was probably greater than that found in the 15-30 m layer of Lake Bourget.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatial match between Planktothrix rubescens and whitefish in a mesotrophic peri-alpine lake: Evidence of toxins accumulation

Sotton¹,

Anneville²,

Cadel-Six

et al. 2011

Harmful Algae

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial match between Planktothrix rubescens and whitefish in a mesotrophic peri-alpine lake: Evidence of toxins accumulation

Sotton¹,

Anneville²,

Cadel-Six

et al. 2011

Harmful Algae

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“…Larval fish may be less affected by turbidity than adult fish. We have previously shown that pike larvae feed less in turbid water caused by a filamentous non-toxic cyanobacterium (Engström-Öst et al 2006). In the present study, where high turbidity was caused by the harmless green flagellate Brachiomonas submarina that has been widely used in Baltic studies (e.g.…”

Section: Effect Of Turbidity On Weight and Growth Ratesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Turbidity may also induce other activities, such as migration, reduced use of shelter and increased use of open water (reviewed by Utne-Palm 2002). Finally, turbidity, as such, may also provide shelter against predators (Maes et al 1998, Snickars et al 2004, Engström-Öst et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging, growth and habitat choice in turbid water: an experimental study with fish larvae in the Baltic Sea

Engström‐Öst¹,

Mattila²

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Eutrophication is a large problem in many marine and brackish-water areas. One of the consequences is algae-induced turbidity affecting visually feeding organisms, and behavioural changes of fish and other animals are common in turbid water. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of larval pike Esox lucius in turbid and clear water. We experimentally studied habitat choice, prey attacks and swimming activity of newly hatched larvae in the presence of a predator and competitors in relation to algae-induced turbidity. Our results demonstrated that the larvae spent less time in vegetation, performed more prey attacks and spent less time swimming in turbid water than in clear conditions. The presence of competitors increased the number of prey attacks, while the presence of a visual predator decreased the number of attacks. We also showed that pike larval weight was lower in high turbidity than in low turbidity. Our results show that algae-induced water turbidity affects both direct (i.e. feeding and habitat choice) and indirect qualities (i.e. weight) of pike larvae and may therefore affect larval survival and potentially even recruitment into the population.KEY WORDS: Turbidity · Pike larvae · Habitat choice · Prey attacks · Growth · Shelter · Perception of threat Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 359: [275][276][277][278][279][280][281] 2008 2002). The pike is considered to be a very adaptive species due to its wide distribution (Casselman & Lewis 1996), but despite high flexibility, populations have collapsed during the last few years in areas where environmental changes have been considerable (reviewed by Casselman & Lewis 1996, Nilsson et al. 2004. The Baltic Sea, where our study was performed, has become increasingly turbid during the last few decades (Sandén & Håkansson 1996).The aim of this study was to study pike larval behaviour, including habitat choice, foraging and swimming in the presence of a competitor species and a visual predator in an environment with algal turbidity. We also analysed stomach contents and measured larval condition. Finally, weight of pike larvae in high and low turbidity was monitored. We hypothesised that the behaviour of pike larvae, such as habitat choice, is less pronounced in turbid water, because predators are more difficult to detect, and the larvae thus perceive less threat. Further, we expected that open turbid water would be used more frequently than open clear water due to increased protection from visual predators. Pike are usually considered to be sensitive to turbid water (Vøllestad et al. 1986, Craig & Babaluk 1989, Lehtiniemi et al. 2005), but few studies have investigated the behaviour of larval stages as a consequence of this environmental change. Freshwater, brackishwater and marine species inhabit the Baltic Sea, where this study was conducted. Therefore, all organisms used in the current study (pike larvae, mysid shrimps, copepods) are common species in the Baltic Sea an...

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“…Although not tested in the current study, turbidity may also influence habitat preference by altering patterns of foraging return or predation risk (e.g. Abrahams and Kattenfeld 1997;Engströ m-Ö st et al 2006). Recent experiments have shown that both foraging and antipredator behaviour of juvenile cod are influenced by turbidity (Meager et al 2005;Meager and Batty 2007;Meager et al 2006), hence, a detailed study into the effect of turbidity on the distribution of juvenile cod should focus upon such indirect effects on habitat choice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of turbidity on habitat preference of juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Meager

Utne‐Palm

2007

Environ Biol Fish

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We examined the effects of turbidity on habitat preference of juvenile Atlantic cod in the laboratory, using a shuttle box where fish could select between two different habitats. In the first experiment, we compared three turbidity levels of kaolin (3, 8 and 21 beam attenuation m -1 ). In the second experiment, we looked at the effect of turbidity media (kaolin versus algae), after controlling for spectral differences between turbidity media. Although cod preferred an intermediate turbidity of kaolin over low turbidity water, comparisons between low and high turbidity, and intermediate and high turbidity did not significantly influence habitat preference. Algae did not influence habitat preference by cod. Although other studies have found that turbidity affects both foraging and antipredator behaviour of juvenile cod, this study has shown that gradients in turbidity per se do not have a strong effect on their habitat preference.

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Feeding and Refuge Use by Small Fish in the Presence of Cyanobacteria Blooms

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

Spatial match between Planktothrix rubescens and whitefish in a mesotrophic peri-alpine lake: Evidence of toxins accumulation

Spatial match between Planktothrix rubescens and whitefish in a mesotrophic peri-alpine lake: Evidence of toxins accumulation

Foraging, growth and habitat choice in turbid water: an experimental study with fish larvae in the Baltic Sea

Effect of turbidity on habitat preference of juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

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