Feedforward and feedback connections and their relation to the cytox modules of V2 in <i>Cebus</i> monkeys

Nascimento‐Silva, Sheila; Pinõn, Carmen; Soares, José Agnelo; Gattass, Ricardo

doi:10.1002/cne.23571

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…The morphological parameters of V2 stripes in the capuchin monkey (width, length, and total number of stripes) are strikingly similar to those described in the macaque (Nascimento‐Silva et al, ). Additionally, we found that the V2 stripes in the capuchin monkey cortex are orthogonally disposed relative to the V1/V2 border and that they extend all the way from the central to the peripheral representation of the visual field (Rosa et al, ), as has been described in the macaque (Tootell, Silverman, De Valois, & Jacobs, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…V2 stripes receive different contributions from the magno‐ and parvocellular visual pathways (Livingstone & Hubel, ), as well as a heterogeneous set of feedback projections from hierarchically superior visual areas (Nascimento‐Silva et al, ). Distinct pathways have been associated with different conduction speeds of neuronal information, which could potentially influence neuronal response latency across V2 stripes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed existence of a dorsal and a ventral stream of visual information processing advances the notion that parallel visual pathways extend all the way to higher associative areas (Ungerleider & Mishkin, ). Previously, we used CytOx histochemistry and retrograde tracer injections to study V2 connectivity in primates (Nascimento‐Silva, Gattass, Fiorani, Jr., & Sousa, ; Nascimento‐Silva, Pinõn, Soares, & Gattass, ). We found PO‐projecting (i.e., parieto‐occipital‐projecting) neurons in thick and interstripes, MT‐projecting (i.e., middle temporal‐projecting) neurons almost exclusively in thick stripes, and V4‐projecting neurons located mostly in thin and interstripes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal response properties across cytochrome oxidase stripes in primate V2

Peres

Soares

Lima

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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Cytochrome oxidase histochemistry reveals large-scale cortical modules in area V2 of primates known as thick, thin, and interstripes. Anatomical, electrophysiological, and tracing studies suggest that V2 cytochrome oxidase stripes participate in functionally distinct streams of visual information processing. However, there is controversy whether the different V2 compartments indeed correlate with specialized neuronal response properties. We used multiple-electrode arrays (16 × 2, 8 × 4 and 4 × 4 matrices) to simultaneously record the spiking activity (N = 190 single units) across distinct V2 stripes in anesthetized and paralyzed capuchin monkeys (N = 3 animals, 6 hemispheres). Visual stimulation consisted of moving bars and full-field gratings with different contrasts, orientations, directions of motion, spatial frequencies, velocities, and color contrasts. Interstripe neurons exhibited the strongest orientation and direction selectivities compared to the thick and thin stripes, with relatively stronger coding for orientation. Additionally, they responded best to higher spatial frequencies and to lower stimulus velocities. Thin stripes showed the highest proportion (80%) of neurons selective to color contrast (compared to 47% and 21% for thick and interstripes, respectively). The great majority of the color selective cells (86%) were also orientation selective. Additionally, thin stripe neurons continued to increase their firing rate for stimulus contrasts above 50%, while thick and interstripe neurons already exhibited some degree of response saturation at this point. Thick stripes best coded for lower spatial frequencies and higher stimulus velocities. In conclusion, V2 CytOx stripes exhibit a mixed degree of segregation and integration of information processing, shedding light into the early mechanisms of vision.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal response properties across cytochrome oxidase stripes in primate V2

Peres

Soares

Lima

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In capuchin monkey V2, histological sections tangential to the cortical surface stained for CytOx revealed a pattern similar to the one described in the Saimiri and Macaca (Livingstone & Hubel, 1982 ; Wong-Riley & Caroll, 1984 ; DeYoe & Van Essen, 1985 ; Shipp & Zeki, 1985 ; Gattass et al, 1987 ; Rosa et al, 1988 a ; Zeki & Shipp, 1989 ). Thus, to evaluate whether there is a segregation of the streams of visual information processing in CytOx-modules of V2, we injected fluorescent retrograde tracers into V4, MT, and PO and studied the distribution of the labeled cells in these modules (Nascimento-Silva et al, 2014 ). The distribution of labeled cells provides evidence for three streams of visual processing with origins in different CytOx-modules in area V2.…”

Section: Area V2 and Its Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversies about the visual areas located at the anterior border of area V2 in primates

et al. 2015

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Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided us with detailed information regarding the extent and topography of the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas in primates. The consensus about the V1 and V2 maps, however, is in sharp contrast with controversies regarding the organization of the cortical areas lying immediately rostral to V2. In this review, we address the contentious issue of the extent of the third visual area (V3). Specifically, we will argue for the existence of both ventral (V3v) and dorsal (V3d) segments of V3, which are located, respectively, adjacent to the anterior border of ventral and dorsal V2. V3v and V3d would together constitute a single functional area with a complete representation of both upper and lower visual hemifields. Another contentious issue is the organization of the parietal-occipital (PO) area, which also borders the rostral edge of the medial portion of dorsal V2. Different from V1, V2, and V3, which exhibit a topography based on the defined lines of isoeccentricity and isopolar representation, area PO only has a systematic representation of polar angles, with an emphasis on the peripheral visual field (isoeccentricity lines are not well defined). Based on the connectivity patterns of area PO with distinct cytochrome oxidase modules in V2, we propose a subdivision of the dorsal stream of visual information processing into lateral and medial domains. In this model, area PO constitutes the first processing instance of the dorsal-medial stream, coding for the full-field flow of visual cues during navigation. Finally, we compare our findings with those in other species of Old and New World monkeys and argue that larger animals, such as macaque and capuchin monkeys, have similar organizations of the areas rostral to V2, which is different from that in smaller New World monkeys.

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“…Reciprocity of cortical connections is a recurring characteristic throughout the brain, said to be hallmark feature of physiological and anatomical organization, described throughout the cerebral cortex (Agster & Burwell, 2009;Cantone et al, 2005;Nascimento-Silva, Pinon, Soares, & Gattass, 2014;Wang et al, 2006). Based on this, the high BEDWELL anD TInSLEY degree of nonreciprocal connections found in PFC pathways is a surprising observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of fine‐scale rat prefrontal cortex connections: Evidence for detailed ordering of inputs and outputs connecting the temporal cortex and sensory‐motor regions

Bedwell

Tinsley

2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Cerebral cortex structure is crucially important for cortical organization and function. The organization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) is controversial and here we seek to understand it more clearly through the study of fine-scale cortical connections. To determine the ordering of microscale input and output connections in the rat PFC, we injected small volumes (20-30 nl) of anterograde (Fluro-Ruby) and retrograde (Fluoro-Gold) neuroanatomical tracers into PFC. These injections revealed several connected regions of the brain but here we report findings restricted to PFC to temporal cortex and sensory-motor cortex pathways. In agreement with previous studies incorporating larger injection volumes we found that smaller injection volumes revealed a more detailed, fine-scale ordering of both prefrontal inputs and output connections to the temporal cortex and sensory-motor cortex regions. These findings are also supported by labelling observed from additional tracer injections made into corresponding regions of temporal cortex. The topography observed reflected the ordering seen at a larger level (i.e., with larger injection volumes) but there were some differences in the topography, such as in relation to the direction of ordering. In agreement with earlier work, we found that fine-scale input and output connections were not always aligned with respect to one another. These results provide evidence for topographically arranged inputs and outputs in two distinct PFC pathways, along with evidence for different connectional patterns within the same pathways. Based on theories of functional connectivity, these findings provide evidence for prefrontal cortical regions residing within networks that contribute to different cognitive functions.

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Feedforward and feedback connections and their relation to the cytox modules of V2 in Cebus monkeys

Cited by 11 publications

References 97 publications

Neuronal response properties across cytochrome oxidase stripes in primate V2

Neuronal response properties across cytochrome oxidase stripes in primate V2

Controversies about the visual areas located at the anterior border of area V2 in primates

Mapping of fine‐scale rat prefrontal cortex connections: Evidence for detailed ordering of inputs and outputs connecting the temporal cortex and sensory‐motor regions

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