“…When a fault occurs, the fault detection VSC is adjusted to the fixed AC voltage control, and the nonfault side VSC is used to control the fluctuation of DC voltage. For detailed mathematical models and commutation principles of SOP, please refer to references [26,27].…”
Section: Sop Basic Structure and Control Modementioning
This paper proposes a two-stage planning model for soft open point (SOP) and energy storage system (ESS) that considers the cost of faults in response to the current issue of SOP and ESS systems not considering the impact of SOP access on load transfer in the event of a fault in the distribution network. Firstly, considering the uncertainty of “PV-load”, typical scenarios of PV and load are constructed based on the clustering algorithm. Secondly, aiming at the economic performance of the distribution network and the capacity of PV access, a two-stage optimization model is established for the joint integration of SOP and ESS into the distribution network (normal and fault operation) under typical scenarios. The model is solved by using the second-order cone programming algorithm and steady-state genetic algorithm (SOCP-SSGA). Stage one involves planning for the integration capacity and location of SOP and ESS into the distribution network under each scenario within a period based on SOCP with the goal of minimizing economic costs. In stage two, the PV access capacity of the distribution network is optimized using SSGA with the goal of enhancing the PV accommodation capability. Finally, verification and analysis are conducted on an improved IEEE33 node system. The results show that when the system optimizes access to a group of SOP and ESS, the total economic cost is reduced by RMB 61,729 compared to random access, and the accessible PV capacity is increased by 0.5278 MW. Moreover, optimizing access to two sets of SOP and ESS can further reduce the total economic cost by RMB 107,048 compared to the optimized access group and increase accessible PV capacity by 1.5751 MW. Therefore, the proposed plan for SOP and ESS planning in this paper can significantly reduce the economic cost of distribution networks, enhance the absorption capacity of distributed photovoltaics, improve the voltage level of power grid operation, and, thereby, improve the economic and reliability of distribution network operation.
“…When a fault occurs, the fault detection VSC is adjusted to the fixed AC voltage control, and the nonfault side VSC is used to control the fluctuation of DC voltage. For detailed mathematical models and commutation principles of SOP, please refer to references [26,27].…”
Section: Sop Basic Structure and Control Modementioning
This paper proposes a two-stage planning model for soft open point (SOP) and energy storage system (ESS) that considers the cost of faults in response to the current issue of SOP and ESS systems not considering the impact of SOP access on load transfer in the event of a fault in the distribution network. Firstly, considering the uncertainty of “PV-load”, typical scenarios of PV and load are constructed based on the clustering algorithm. Secondly, aiming at the economic performance of the distribution network and the capacity of PV access, a two-stage optimization model is established for the joint integration of SOP and ESS into the distribution network (normal and fault operation) under typical scenarios. The model is solved by using the second-order cone programming algorithm and steady-state genetic algorithm (SOCP-SSGA). Stage one involves planning for the integration capacity and location of SOP and ESS into the distribution network under each scenario within a period based on SOCP with the goal of minimizing economic costs. In stage two, the PV access capacity of the distribution network is optimized using SSGA with the goal of enhancing the PV accommodation capability. Finally, verification and analysis are conducted on an improved IEEE33 node system. The results show that when the system optimizes access to a group of SOP and ESS, the total economic cost is reduced by RMB 61,729 compared to random access, and the accessible PV capacity is increased by 0.5278 MW. Moreover, optimizing access to two sets of SOP and ESS can further reduce the total economic cost by RMB 107,048 compared to the optimized access group and increase accessible PV capacity by 1.5751 MW. Therefore, the proposed plan for SOP and ESS planning in this paper can significantly reduce the economic cost of distribution networks, enhance the absorption capacity of distributed photovoltaics, improve the voltage level of power grid operation, and, thereby, improve the economic and reliability of distribution network operation.
“…The loading frequency and the power handling capability of the feeder were considered for the effective assimilation of DG through equalization. Moreover, a control framework for a PI controller and a steady-state converse model were developed in order to optimize the different modes of a flexible multi-level switch (Yu et al, 2020).…”
Distributed energy resources, or distributed generation (DG), are the mainstay of modern power systems aiming towards green energy generation via the effective integration of renewable energy sources. DG involvement in traditional power systems comprises the enhancement of power quality parameters, the utilization of renewable sources, cost optimization, and stable and reliable energy generation. The advantages of such a revolutionary approach can be achieved with the optimal sizing and allocation of DG by means of adequate optimization techniques, constraints, and optimized parameters. In this study, a comprehensive review of DG optimization is presented in light of recent developments, and a comparison is carried out based on the adopted optimization techniques, test system, enhanced parameters, and outcome evaluations.
“…Loading frequency and power handling capability of feeder considered for the effective assimilation of DG with the feeder equalization. Moreover, a control framework of PI controller and a steady state converse model has been fabricated to optimize the different mode of flexible multi-level switch with the shortcomings [14] Saxena et al…”
In the present scenario, world is progressing in the direction of energy crisis and severe ecological concerns due to the excessive utilization of non-renewable resources. Fossil fuel reserves are inadequate and produce hazardous geological contamination throughout the energy extraction. To meet such challenges, active amalgamation of renewable energy resources (RER) with distributed generation (DG) is the only way to progressing in future. Demand response scheme and battery storage is also essential for the reliable and consistent energy generation and efficient utilization. The role of RER in the evolution of DG is presented in this paper. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the barricades, reimbursements and influence of renewable energy based DG planning and framework. Moreover, a comparative assessment of renewable DG optimization based on optimization criteria and enhanced outcomes are evaluated for this futuristic atmospheric friendly approach.
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