Feedbacks Between Biodiversity and Climate Change

Mori, Akira; Sasaki, Takehiro; Kagami, Maiko; Miki, Takeshi; Yasuhara, Moriaki

doi:10.1002/9781119902911.ch13

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Biological diversity is critical to many basic human needs, including health, food, water and shelter. It also plays an important role in moderating physical and chemical processes in natural environments (Balmford & Bond, 2005; Barrett et al, 2011; Corenblit et al, 2011; Fei et al, 2014; Mori et al, 2022). Quantifying links between environment and biodiversity is crucial for understanding the response of ecosystems to climatic and physiographic change, and for conservation efforts (Araújo & Rahbek, 2006; Hampe & Petit, 2005; Norris et al, 2013; Yasuhara, Huang, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence of terrestrial vertebrate species richness with external drivers across scales and taxonomic groups

O’Malley

Mannion

Hackel

et al. 2023

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim: Understanding connections between environment and biodiversity is crucial for conservation, identifying causes of ecosystem stress, and predicting population responses to changing environments. Explaining biodiversity requires an understanding of how species richness and environment covary across scales. Here, we identify scales and locations at which biodiversity is generated and correlates with environment.Location: Full latitudinal range per continent. Time Period: Present day.Major Taxa Studied: Terrestrial vertebrates: all mammals, carnivorans, bats, songbirds, hummingbirds, amphibians. Methods:We describe the use of wavelet power spectra, cross-power and coherence for identifying scale-dependent trends across Earth's surface. Spectra reveal scaleand location-dependent coherence between species richness and topography (E), mean annual precipitation (Pn), temperature (Tm) and annual temperature range (ΔT).Results: >97% of species richness of taxa studied is generated at large scales, that is, wavelengths ≳ 10 3 km, with 30%-69% generated at scales ≳ 10 4 km. At these scales, richness tends to be highly coherent and anti-correlated with E and ΔT, and positively correlated with Pn and Tm. Coherence between carnivoran richness and ΔT is low across scales, implying insensitivity to seasonal temperature variations. Conversely, amphibian richness is strongly anti-correlated with ΔT at large scales. At scales ≲ 10 3 km, examined taxa, except carnivorans, show highest richness within the tropics. Terrestrial plateaux exhibit high coherence between carnivorans and E at scales ∼ 10 3 km, consistent with contribution of large-scale tectonic processes to biodiversity. Results are similar across different continents and for global latitudinal averages.Spectral admittance permits derivation of rules-of-thumb relating long-wavelength environmental and species richness trends.Main Conclusions: Sensitivities of mammal, bird and amphibian populations to environment are highly scale dependent. At large scales, carnivoran richness is largely independent of temperature and precipitation, whereas amphibian richness correlates

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence of terrestrial vertebrate species richness with external drivers across scales and taxonomic groups

O’Malley

Mannion

Hackel

et al. 2023

Global Ecol Biogeogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Biological diversity is critical to many basic human needs, including health, food, water and shelter. It also plays an important role in moderating physical and chemical processes in natural environments (Balmford & Bond, 2005; Barrett et al ., 2011; Corenblit et al ., 2011; Fei et al ., 2014; Mori et al ., 2022). Quantifying links between environment and biodiversity is crucial for understanding the response of ecosystems to climatic and physiographic change, and for conservation efforts (Araújo & Rahbek, 2006; Hampe & Petit, 2005; Norris et al ., 2013; Yasuhara et al ., 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also plays an important role in moderating physical and chemical processes in natural environments (Balmford & Bond, 2005;Barrett et al, 2011;Corenblit et al, 2011;Fei et al, 2014;Mori et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence of Terrestrial Vertebrate Species Richness with External Drivers Across Scales and Taxonomic Groups

O’Malley

Mannion

Hackel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Disentangling contributions from co-varying environmental variables is likely crucial for understanding the drivers of biodiversity patterns, including latitudinal diversity gradients. Here, we describe a novel use of wavelet power spectra to separate wavelength-dependent trends as a function of position on Earth's surface. Spectra reveal scale- and location- dependent coherence between species richness and topography (E), mean annual precipitation (Pn), temperature (Tm) and annual temperature range (ΔT). Greater than 97% of species richness of carnivorans, bats, songbirds, hummingbirds and amphibians (which encompass 2/3 of terrestrial vertebrate species) are generated at large scales, i.e. wavelengths ≥ 103 km. 30-69% is generated at scales ≥ 104 km. At these scales, richness across the Americas, the longest transect examined, tends to be highly coherent and anti-phase with E and ΔT (i.e. one high, the other low), and in-phase with Pn and Tm (e.g. both high or both low). Coherence between carnivorans and ΔT is low across all scales, which suggests insensitivity to seasonal temperature variations. By contrast, amphibian richness is strongly anti-correlated with ΔT at large scales. At scales ≤ 103 km, examined taxa, except carnivorans, show highest richness within the tropics. Terrestrial plateaux (e.g. Colorado, Altiplano) are foci of high coherence between carnivorans and E at scales ~ 103 km, which is consistent with the notion that large-scale tectonic processes contribute to local biodiversity, even for carnivorans. These results are similar to those obtained from transects across Africa, Eurasia, Australia and average global latitudinal transects. They highlight scale-dependent sensitivities of mammal, bird and amphibian populations to local environments and global climate.

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Marine species turnover but not richness, peaks at the Equator

Chaudhary

Costello

2023

Progress in Oceanography

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Feedbacks Between Biodiversity and Climate Change

Cited by 3 publications

References 78 publications

Coherence of terrestrial vertebrate species richness with external drivers across scales and taxonomic groups

Coherence of terrestrial vertebrate species richness with external drivers across scales and taxonomic groups

Coherence of Terrestrial Vertebrate Species Richness with External Drivers Across Scales and Taxonomic Groups

Marine species turnover but not richness, peaks at the Equator

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