Feed Supplements: Ruminally Protected Amino Acids

Schwab, C.G.; Whitehouse, N.L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.23055-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among the essential amino acids, lysine and methionine are traditionally considered the most limiting ones in ruminants [43]. More recently, histidine has also been proposed as a limiting amino acid for ruminants in some circumstances [44]. The content of lysine measured in this work (around 6%) is similar to the content reported for other common cereal forages such as corn, sorghum, or wheat grains [43], or Festuca arundinacea Schreb., alfalfa, soybean meal, perennial ryegrass, and white clover, among other plant materials ( [9], and references reviewed therein).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Impact of Harvest Time on the Dry Matter Content, and Nutritional Parameters Related to Forage Quality of Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, Poaceae) under Mediterranean Climate

Fayos-Febrer,

Juan-Vicedo,

Rodríguez-Mengod

et al. 2023

Plants

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Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) is a productive fodder crop in tropical regions that has been evaluated for forage nutritional value in a Mediterranean climate. To assess the nutritional value, parameters including dry matter content (DM), ash, ether extract (EE), protein (CP), fiber contents (NDF and ADF), and the amino acids profile were determined at eight harvest times (HTs) in a non-fertilized and non-irrigated crop based in Silla (Valencia, Spain). The results showed significant differences in most of the parameters studied. While CP and ash significantly decreased over the eight HTs, NDF and ADF increased. In contrast, EE and the ratio of essential amino acids/total amino acids remained constant. Values of CP remained higher than 15% during the first two HTs (16 and 28 days). According to the analyses performed, the optimum HT can be stated at 28 days as it combines high levels of CP (including an optimal combination of essential amino acids) with low levels of fibers (NDF = 57.13%; ADF = 34.76%) and a considerable amount of dry matter (15.40%). Among the essential amino acids (EA) determined, lysine and histidine showed similar values (Lys ≈ 6%, His ≈ 1.70%) when comparing the composition of these EA to other forage species and cultivars studied, whereas methionine showed lower values. This work establishes the basis for the appropriate HT of maralfalfa according to the nutritional parameters measured. Further studies could be aimed to optimize the nutritional and phytogenic properties of maralfalfa to improve its value as a fodder crop, and to finally introduce it for sustainable livestock production in Mediterranean countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Impact of Harvest Time on the Dry Matter Content, and Nutritional Parameters Related to Forage Quality of Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, Poaceae) under Mediterranean Climate

Fayos-Febrer,

Juan-Vicedo,

Rodríguez-Mengod

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Chilomer et al (2010) and Martínez‐Villaluenga et al (2010) reported increases in the essential amino acid content (valine, leucine, isoleucine and methionine) of two germinated lupin seeds, with concomitant decrease in non‐essential and some other essential amino acid contents. As shown in Table 3, calculated AAS indicated that methionine + cysteine were the first limiting amino acids (Schwab, 2011) for both the control and germinated pigeon pea seeds whereas threonine and lysine were the second and third limiting amino acids, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination alters the microstructure, in vitro protein digestibility, α‐glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitory activities of bioaccessible fraction of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seeds

et al. 2021

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Germination was investigated as a bioprocess for enhancing the digestibility and bioactivity of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). Pigeon pea seeds were germinated for 0, 4, 24 and 48 h. Electrophoresis revealed that the 7S vicilin subunits were the most abundant proteins in control and germinated seeds. FTIR showed a loss of β sheet and a gain of α‐helix contents, and microscopy showed cell wall degradation in germinated seeds. Germination decreased the seed protein yield due to partial hydrolysis of proteins. After in vitro digestion, 48‐h germination increased the protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score of the pigeon pea flour and isolated protein. Germination also enhanced the inhibitory activity of the seed digesta against α‐glucosidase but not dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Taken together, germination could be used to enhance the nutritional quality and bioactivity of pigeon pea towards improving its future utilization as novel healthy food for mitigating food insecurity.

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“…Soy protein however is limiting in Sulphur containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. This would limit humans to make use of other abundant essential and non-essential amino acids thereby limiting growth and milk production in lactation [20,21]. Soybean products therefore should be combined with other plant proteins such as those contained in whole cereals like maize to have a complete protein [19,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing household soybean processing and utilization in the Eastern Province of Zambia, a concurrent triangulation study design

Funduluka,

Hachibamba,

Mukuma

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The purpose of this study was to establish best ways of improving household soybean processing and utilization in selected districts in the Eastern Province of Zambia. This was a concurrent triangulation study design, nested with a cross sectional survey and barrier analysis. Up to 1,237 households and 42 key informants participated in the quantitative and qualitative studies respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using Stata MP 15 software (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). NVIVO QSR10 software (QSRInt, Melbourne Australia) was used to organize qualitative data which was later analysed thematically. In this study whole soybean processing and utilization in eastern province was at 48%. However, accessibility to soybean for household consumption throughout the year was negligible (0.29%). Based on the food systems an interplay of factors influenced soybean processing and utilization. In the food environment, a ready-made Textured Soya Protein mainly imported [1,030/1237(83%)] and a milled whole soybean-maize blend AOR 816.37; 95%CI 110.83 to 6013.31 were preferred. Reports of labour intensity, hard to cook properties, coarse milling and beany flavour with associated anti-nutrients negatively influenced whole soybean utilization. In the enabling environment, soybean production AOR 4.47; 95%CI 2.82 to 7.08 increased the chances of utilization. Lack of inputs, poor access to affordable credit and lack of ingredients were deleterious to utilization. Low coverage of existing projects and poor access to technologies were other adverse factors. Among the Socioeconomic factors, a higher social hierarchy shown by owning a bed AOR 1.75; 95%CI 1.22 to 2.49, belonging to the Chewa community AOR 1.16; 95%CI 1.08 to 0 1.25, gender of household head particularly male AOR 1.94; 95%CI 1.21 to 3.13, off farm income and livestock ownership were supportive to soybean utilization. Unfavourable factors were; belonging to any of the districts under study AOR 0.76; 95%CI 0.58 to 0.98, lack of knowledge (55.65%), low involvement of the male folks AOR 0.47; 95%CI 0.30 to 0.73 and belonging to a female headed household AOR 1.94; 95%CI 1.21 to 3.13. Age, time and household size constraints as well as unreliable soybean output markets, lack of land, poor soils in some wards and poor soybean value chain governance were other negative factors. Immediately in the food environment there is need to boost milling of whole soybean while strengthening cooking demonstrations, correct processing, incorporation of soybean in the local dishes and conducting acceptability tests. In the enabling environment, there should be access to inputs, affordable credit facilities and subsidized mineral fertilisers. Post-harvest storage, collective action with full scale community involvement and ownership should be heightened. Socioeconomic approaches should target promotion of soybean processing and utilization among all ethnic groups, participation of male folks and female headed households as well as advocating for increased nutrition sensitive social protection. In the medium or long term, capacity building, market development, import substitution agreements, creation of new products, development of cottage industries, information exchange and inter district trade as well as more public-private partnerships and more local private sector players should be bolstered. Lastly farm diversification should be supported.

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Feed Supplements: Ruminally Protected Amino Acids

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Impact of Harvest Time on the Dry Matter Content, and Nutritional Parameters Related to Forage Quality of Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, Poaceae) under Mediterranean Climate

Impact of Harvest Time on the Dry Matter Content, and Nutritional Parameters Related to Forage Quality of Maralfalfa (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, Poaceae) under Mediterranean Climate

Germination alters the microstructure, in vitro protein digestibility, α‐glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitory activities of bioaccessible fraction of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seeds

Enhancing household soybean processing and utilization in the Eastern Province of Zambia, a concurrent triangulation study design

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