Feed Supplementation with the GHRP-6 Peptide, a Ghrelin Analog, Improves Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Aerobic Metabolism in the Gilthead Sea Bream Sparus aurata

Rodríguez-Viera, Leandro; Martí, Ignacio; Martı́nez, Rebeca; Perera, Erick; Estrada, Mario Pablo; Mancera, Juan Miguel; Martos-Sitcha, Juan Antonio

doi:10.3390/fishes7010031

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…IGF-1 plasma levels were determined in 10 fish per group at the middle (4 weeks) and end (8 weeks) of the experimental trial after sample extraction by the acid-ethanol method ( Shimizu et al, 2000 ). The concentration of IGF-1 was measured using the Fish IGF-1 ELISA kit (CSB-E12122Fh, CUSABIO, Wuhan, China), according to the manufacturer’s instructions, as previously done with plasma samples of the same species by Rodríguez-Viera et al (2022) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive juice as an additive in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed a high-fat diet: Regulation of somatic growth

Balbuena-Pecino

Montblanch²,

García-Meilán³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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The dietary inclusion of plant-based products in fish feeds formulation is required for the sustainable development of aquaculture. Moreover, considering functional diets, hydroxytyrosol, one of the major phenolic compounds found in olives (Olea europaea), has been identified as a potential candidate to be used in the aquafeeds industry due to its health promoting abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of an olive juice extract rich in hydroxytyrosol as an additive (0.52 g HT/kg feed) in a high-fat (24% lipids) diet in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Moreover, the experimental diets, with or without the extract, were administered daily at a standard (3% of total biomass in the tank) or restricted ration (40% reduction) for 8–9 weeks. Growth and biometric parameters, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plasma levels and growth hormone/IGF axis-, myogenic- and osteogenic-related genes expression in liver, white muscle and/or bone were analyzed. Moreover, in vitro cultures of vertebra bone-derived cells from fish fed the diets at a standard ration were performed at weeks 3 and 9 to explore the effects of hydroxytyrosol on osteoblasts development. Although neither body weight or any other biometric parameter were affected by diet composition after 4 or 8 weeks, the addition of the hydroxytyrosol-rich extract to the diet increased IGF-1 plasma levels, regardless of the ration regime, suggesting an anabolic condition. In muscle, the higher mRNA levels of the binding protein igfbp-5b and the myoblast fusion marker dock5 in fish fed with the hydroxytyrosol-rich diet suggested that this compound may have a role in muscle, inducing development and a better muscular condition. Furthermore in bone, increased osteogenic potential while delayed matrix mineralization after addition to the diet of the olive juice extract was supported by the upregulated expression of igf-1 and bmp4 and reduced transcript levels of osteopontin. Overall, this study provides new insights into the beneficial use of hydroxytyrosol as a dietary additive in gilthead sea bream functional diets to improve muscle-skeletal condition and, the aquaculture industry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive juice as an additive in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed a high-fat diet: Regulation of somatic growth

Balbuena-Pecino

Montblanch²,

García-Meilán³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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“…The level of GHRL, a key appetite-stimulating hormone, showed a trend of increase by 3.90% ( p = 0.06). Elevated levels of GAS and GHRL expression play a significant role in stimulating digestive fluid secretion, which is vital for increasing feed intake and conversion ( Mazzoni et al, 2022 ; Rodríguez-Viera et al, 2022 ). However, there were no notable variations in the concentrations of the anorectic hormones PYY and GLP-1 between the piglets in the two groups ( p > 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the mechanism of Clostridium butyricum CBX 2021 to improve pig health based on in vivo and in vitro studies

Liu,

Qiu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionAs a symbiotic probiotic for the host, Clostridium butyricum (CB) has the potential to strengthen the body’s immune system and improve intestinal health. However, the probiotic mechanism of CB is not completely understood. The Clostridium butyricum CBX 2021 strain isolated by our team from a health pig independently exhibits strong butyric acid production ability and stress resistance. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the efficacy of CBX 2021 in pigs and its mechanism of improving pig health.MethodsIn this study, we systematically revealed the probiotic effect and potential mechanism of the strain by using various methods such as microbiome, metabolites and transcriptome through animal experiments in vivo and cell experiments in vitro.ResultsOur in vivo study showed that CBX 2021 improved growth indicators such as daily weight gain in weaned piglets and also reduced diarrhea rates. Meanwhile, CBX 2021 significantly increased immunoglobulin levels in piglets, reduced contents of inflammatory factors and improved the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that CBX 2021 treatment implanted more butyric acid-producing bacteria (such as Faecalibacterium) in piglets and reduced the number of potentially pathogenic bacteria (like Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group). With significant changes in the microbial community, CBX 2021 improved tryptophan metabolism and several alkaloids synthesis in piglets. Further in vitro experiments showed that CBX 2021 adhesion directly promoted the proliferation of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that bacterial adhesion increased the expression of intracellular G protein-coupled receptors, inhibited the Notch signaling pathway, and led to a decrease in intracellular pro-inflammatory molecules.DiscussionThese results suggest that CBX 2021 may accelerate piglet growth by optimizing the intestinal microbiota, improving metabolic function and enhancing intestinal health.

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“…GH and IGF-I secreted into the media by pituitaries and liver explants, respectively, were measured by the Fish GH and Fish IGF-I ELISA kits (CUSABIO, Wuhan, China). These ELISAs have been used before in different salmonids and non-salmonid fish, including the gilthead seabream ( Amri et al, 2020 ; Rodríguez-Viera et al, 2022 ). All assays were performed in a microplate reader BioTek ELx808 (BioTek Instrument, Inc), except for catalase activity that was measured at 240 nm in a Synergy H1 microplate reader (Biotek).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue explants as tools for studying the epigenetic modulation of the GH-IGF-I axis in farmed fish

Perera,

Román-Padilla,

Hidalgo-Pérez

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Somatic growth in vertebrates is mainly controlled by the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis. The role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating this axis in fish is far from being understood. This work aimed to optimize and evaluate the use of short-term culture of pituitary and liver explants from a farmed fish, the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, for studying epigenetic mechanisms involved in GH/IGF-I axis regulation. Our results on viability, structure, proliferation, and functionality of explants support their use in short-term assays. Pituitary explants showed no variation in gh expression after exposure to the DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine (5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine; DAC), despite responding to DAC by changing dnmt3bb and tet1 expression, and TET activity, producing an increase in overall DNA hydroxymethylation. Conversely, in liver explants, DAC had no effects on dnmts and tets expression or activity, but modified the expression of genes from the GH-IGF-I axis. In particular, the expression of igfbp2a was increased and that of igfbp4, ghri and ghrii was decreased by DAC as well as by genistein, which is suggestive of impaired growth. While incubation of liver explants with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) produced no clear effects, it is proposed that nutrients must ensure the methylation milieu within the liver in the fish to sustain proper growth, which need further in vivo verification. Pituitary and liver explants from S. aurata can be further used as described herein for the screening of inhibitors or activators of epigenetic regulators, as well as for assessing epigenetic mechanisms behind GH-IGF-I variation in farmed fish.

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Feed Supplementation with the GHRP-6 Peptide, a Ghrelin Analog, Improves Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Aerobic Metabolism in the Gilthead Sea Bream Sparus aurata

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive juice as an additive in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed a high-fat diet: Regulation of somatic growth

Hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive juice as an additive in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed a high-fat diet: Regulation of somatic growth

Uncovering the mechanism of Clostridium butyricum CBX 2021 to improve pig health based on in vivo and in vitro studies

Tissue explants as tools for studying the epigenetic modulation of the GH-IGF-I axis in farmed fish

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