Feed Formulation and Evaluation

Hastings, W.H.; Dickie, L. M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-319650-7.50012-2

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Raw liver and other raw animal products were once important as components of finfish diets, but now they are generally used only where availability makes them economically attractive. The benefits are believed to arise from a correct balance of vitamins plus an acceptability factor (Hastings and Dickie 1972). Finely divided liver has also been used as a suitable food for larval finfish (Csengeri and Petitjean 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Beef Liver, Fruits, and Vegetables as Dietary Supplements for Indoor Nursery Culture of Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Garces

Heinen

1993

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Frozen beef liver fed at dietary levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% (dry weight) to postlarval Mucrobruchium rosenbergii was evaluated as a supplement to Mna Trout Chow No. 2. Final mean wet weights and yields of prawns fed 15, 20, and 25% beef liver were significantly higher than those of prawns that received 5 and 10% levels. Survival rates and food conversion ratios of dry matter fed to wet biomass produced were not significantly different among treatments. The suitability of 47 fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables as dietary supplements was tested. Fourteen fruits and vegetables sank and were readily consumed by prawns, and seven (fresh orange and sweet potato, and frozen banana, carrot tops, butternut squash, yellow squash, and turnip greens) were tested as supplements (10% dry weight of the total ration) to trout chow and 15% beef liver. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in final mean weight, survival, yield, or food conversion ratio. Pigmentation of prams fed carrot tops or turnip greens was enhanced. No significant differences in final mean weight, yield, or survival were found when frozen banana was evaluated at levels of 0, 5,10,15, and 20% as a supplement to trout chow and 15% beef liver. Food conversion ratios for prawns fed 15 and 20% levels of banana were not different from those fed 10%, but were significantly higher than for prawns fed the 0 and 5% levels. Thus, a diet of Purina Trout Chow No. 2 plus 15% beef liver gives good results with postlarval M. rosenbergii in aquaria. Largescale testing and an economic analysis are needed to determine if this diet is practical for commercial prawn nurseries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Beef Liver, Fruits, and Vegetables as Dietary Supplements for Indoor Nursery Culture of Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Garces

Heinen

1993

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…Protein was determined by Kjeltec (Tecator 1002), lipid by Soxtec (Tecator 1043) and fibre by Fibretec (Tecator 1017). Ash was analysed by incineration (AOAC 1975) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) by the difference method (Hastings 1976). The energy content of the diets was calculated using physiological fuel values of 4 kJ g –1 for protein (Smith 1976) and 9 and 4 kJ g –1 for lipid and carbohydrate (as NFE), respectively (Hastings 1975).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of carbohydrate rich diets through common carp culture in manured tanks

Keshavanath¹,

Manjappa²,

Gangadhara³

2002

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Four diets (T0–T3) were formulated reducing the fishmeal (Indian) component by 100 g kg–1 from 300 to 0 g kg–1 and including proportionately increasing quantities of maize. Diets were fed for 120 days at 50 g kg–1 body weight to triplicate groups of common carp (av. wt. 2.11–2.18 g) stocked at 1 m–2 in mud bottomed cement tanks (18 m2), fertilized with poultry manure. Fish growth, SGR and FCR in the different treatments were statistically not significantly different (P > 0.05). PER was lowest for the 300 g fishmeal kg–1 diet treatment (diet T0), increasing with decrease in dietary fishmeal content (diets T1–T3). Fish survival ranged from 96.29 to 100%. Diets influenced carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity. A significant increase in lipid deposition was recorded with increasing dietary carbohydrate content. Amylase, protease and lipase activities were higher in fish fed with diets T2 and T3. The protein sparing effect of dietary carbohydrate and the economic implication of eliminating fishmeal from the diet are discussed.

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“…In recent years, with the advent of intensive aquaculture, pelleted artifical diets have been used increasingly in fish farming. This has resulted in the formulation of empirical rules relating feed pellet size to fish size (Hastings & Dickie 1972). However, these empirical rules have been formulated largely on the basis of experience rather than experimentation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum food particle size in relation to body size of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fry

Hasan

Macintosh

1992

Aquaculture Research

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Abstract. An investigation was conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the optimum food particle size of an inert diet for common carp fry ranging in size from 15 to 466mg body weight and 13 to 31 mm total length (TL). Speed of consumption of a standard quantity of food was used as a measurement of feeding preference/efficiency for different particle size ranges. It was observed that for carp of this size range preferred food particle size increases with fish size. On the basis of ingestion time and feeding behaviour, food particle sizes in the ranges 125‐300μm. 300‐500μm, 300‐790μm and 500‐1000μm diameter were found to be most appropriate for carp fry weighing 15‐23mg(TL 13‐18), 46‐97 mg(TL 17‐22), 105‐209 mg (TL 20‐25) and 210‐466mg (TL 24‐31) respectively. This study also demonstrated that for carp fry of these size ranges the mean preferred food particle sizes are about 02‐04 that of mouth size. Based on this relationship, general recommendations are made on the optimum food particle sizes for different size classes of carp fry reared under hatchery and nursery conditions.

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Feed Formulation and Evaluation

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Evaluation of Beef Liver, Fruits, and Vegetables as Dietary Supplements for Indoor Nursery Culture of Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Evaluation of Beef Liver, Fruits, and Vegetables as Dietary Supplements for Indoor Nursery Culture of Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Evaluation of carbohydrate rich diets through common carp culture in manured tanks

Optimum food particle size in relation to body size of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fry

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