Feed efficiency and body composition are related to cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin hormone and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rams

Knott, Stephanie; Cummins, L. J.; Dunshea, Frank R.; Leury, B. J.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2010.03.003

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…In all species studied to date, there is marked variation in the cortisol response to stress or ACTH challenge [73][74][75][76][77][78][79] . Studies in our laboratory and those of others have consistently shown in outbred populations of sheep individuals can be identified as high or low cortisol responders [73,74,80,81] . Recent evidence suggests that the degree of cortisol response may determine the metabolic sequelae to stress.…”

Section: Cortisol Responsiveness Identifies Obesity-prone Individualssupporting

confidence: 60%

Innate Obesity, Revealed by Selection Markers, Confers Significant Imprint of Hypothalamic Genes Controlling Energy Expenditure

Henry¹

2016

Neuroendocrinology

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The incidence of obesity is rapidly escalating and has reached epidemic proportions. In all species, including rodents, humans, and sheep, there is large variation in the degree of weight gain across individuals in response to an obesogenic environment. This individual variation is, at least in part, determined by innate differences in energy expenditure, of which adaptive thermogenesis is a key component. The hypothalamus is essential to the control of body weight and adiposity. Appetite-regulating peptides within the hypothalamus exert reciprocal effects on food intake and energy expenditure, such that neuropeptides that stimulate food intake inhibit thermogenesis and vice versa. This review discusses the role of the hypothalamic neuropeptides in determining innate predisposition to obesity in 3 animal models being obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rodents, genetically lean and obese sheep, and animals selected for high/low cortisol responsiveness. In rodents, leptin resistance is a primary feature of the propensity to become obese. This contrasts that of larger mammals, such as sheep, where altered susceptibility to obesity manifests within the melanocortin and/or orexin pathways. This review highlights fundamental species differences within the hypothalamus that lead to altered susceptibility to weight gain and increased propensity to become obese.

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Section: Cortisol Responsiveness Identifies Obesity-prone Individualssupporting

confidence: 60%

Innate Obesity, Revealed by Selection Markers, Confers Significant Imprint of Hypothalamic Genes Controlling Energy Expenditure

Henry¹

2016

Neuroendocrinology

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“…These results agree with other studies of highand low-RFI steers from Angus crosses (Castro Bulle et al, 2007;Richardson et al, 2001) with respect to body chemical composition, and they indicate that low-RFI steers have lower energy requirements for maintenance. Lower energy requirements in low-RFI Nellore steers is consistent with decreased heat production in the most efficient Angus cattle (Basarab et al, 2003) and may be a consequence of several biological mechanisms, such as lower methane production during digestion (Nkrumah et al, 2006), lower physical activity (Barea et al, 2010;Luiting et al, 1994) and lower responsiveness to stress (Knott et al, 2008(Knott et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Feedlot performance, feed efficiency reranking, carcass traits, body composition, energy requirements, meat quality and calpain system activity in Nellore steers with low and high residual feed intake

et al. 2012

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a b s t r a c tThe aim was to evaluate growth, carcass traits, feed efficiency reranking, body composition, calpain system activity and meat quality in Nellore steers that were phenotypically ranked for high and low residual feed intake (RFI). Seventy-two Nellore steers (16-21 month-old, 334719 kg BW) had free access to a feedlot diet for 70 d (feeding period 1, P1). Daily dry matter intake (DMI), body weight gain (ADG) and ultrasound carcass traits were measured individually. The 12 lowest and the 12 highest RFI steers were classed as low-and high-RFI groups and were fed for a second feeding period (feeding period 2, P2). Spearman's rank correlation was performed for RFI and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) measured over P1 and P2. The carcass traits, meat quality and calpain system activity were evaluated at slaughter, and body composition was determined. In P1, low-RFI steers had greater G:F (0.159 vs. 0.134; Po0.001), lower DMI (9.30 vs. 11.1 kg/d; Po0.0001), lower RFI (À 0.80 vs. 0.85 kg/d; Po0.0001), and tended to have lower rates of rump fat gain (4.48 vs. 6.05 mm; P¼ 0.06), but no differences were observed for ADG, BW, and other traits measured by ultrasound (P40.05). In P2, no differences between RFI classes were observed for G:F and DMI as a percentage of BW (P40.05), and small differences were observed for DMI (8.25 vs. 8.99 kg/d, Po0.05) and RFI (À 0.28 vs. þ0.29 kg/d, P¼0.06). The ranking correlations for RFI and G:F measured consecutively in P1 and P2 were low to moderate (r¼ 0.11-0.40). Low-RFI steers had lower requirements of metabolizable energy (ME) for maintenance (131 vs. 160 Mcal/kg EBW 0.75 d À 1 , Po0.05), but no differences were observed for fat and protein gain, retained energy and efficiency of ME use for gain (P40.05). No differences between low-and high-RFI steers were observed for carcass traits at slaughter; however, low-RFI steers had 8.1 kg less gastrointestinal fat than high-RFI steers. There were no RFI effects on meat shear force and the activities of m-calpain, m-calpain and calpastatin (P40.05). High-RFI steers had greater MFI in 1 d aged LM (53.9 vs. 40.8, Po0.05). The variation in feed efficiency between high-and low-RFI Nellore steers is related to differences in energy requirements and deposition of fat on internal organs. The ranking for feed efficiency is altered as cattle become older. The selection for improved RFI in Nellore cattle may reduce feed requirements for beef production without affecting meat tenderness and enzymatic activity of the calpain system.

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“…O coeficiente de correlação entre CAR e CA foi significativo (r = 0,63, P<0,01) e maior que os descritos por Arthur et al (2001a), Lancaster et al (2009) e Kelly et al (2010 para bovinos em crescimento de 0,53, 0,59 e 0,46, respectivamente, porém inferior ao estimado para cordeiros (r CAR = 0,73) por Knott et al (2010). Seria importante verificar a existência de correlação genética de mesmo sentido entre tais parâmetros para ovinos, assim como encontrado em bovinos (Lancaster et al, 2009), pois, dessa forma, uma seleção para CAR melhoraria também a conversão alimentar dos animais.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Consumo alimentar residual e sua relação com medidas de desempenho e eficiência e características in vivo da carcaça de cordeiros

Paula

Monteiro

Souza

et al. 2013

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Consumo alimentar residual e sua relação com medidas de desempenho e eficiência e características in vivo da carcaça de cordeiros FCR, DMI and DMI in BW percentual (BWDMI) FCR and ADG; FCR and RGR; and FCR and KR; ABSTRACT The residual feed intake (RFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 20 lambs was evaluated in order to estimate the correlations between these traits and performance measures and with in vivo carcass characteristics. The animals had their dry matter intake (DMI) measured over 65 days and they were weighed every 13 days to determine the average daily weight gain (ADG). Initial body weight (IBW), final body weight (FBW), metabolic weight (MW), ADG, relative growth rate (RGR), Kleiber ratio (KR),

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Feed efficiency and body composition are related to cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin hormone and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rams

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Innate Obesity, Revealed by Selection Markers, Confers Significant Imprint of Hypothalamic Genes Controlling Energy Expenditure

Innate Obesity, Revealed by Selection Markers, Confers Significant Imprint of Hypothalamic Genes Controlling Energy Expenditure

Feedlot performance, feed efficiency reranking, carcass traits, body composition, energy requirements, meat quality and calpain system activity in Nellore steers with low and high residual feed intake

Consumo alimentar residual e sua relação com medidas de desempenho e eficiência e características in vivo da carcaça de cordeiros

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