Fed males increase oviposition in female hawkmoths via non-nutritive direct benefits

Levin, Eran; Mitra, Chandreyee; Davidowitz, Goggy

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.019

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The oxidation of amino acids was only detected during rest and thus used by moths to support resting metabolism. M. sexta moths do not fly during daylight hours and their bouts of flight can be relatively short at night (Davidowitz et al 2015(Davidowitz et al -2016, unpublished data); therefore, amino acids that are oxidized during rest provide a substantial source of metabolic fuel for these moths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than just sugar: allocation of nectar amino acids and fatty acids in a Lepidopteran

2017

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The ability to allocate resources, even when limited, is essential for survival and fitness. We examine how nutrients that occur in minute amounts are allocated among reproductive, somatic, and metabolic demands. In addition to sugar, flower nectars contain two macronutrients-amino acids and fatty acids. We created artificial nectars spiked with 13 C-labelled amino acids and fatty acids and fed these to adult moths (Manduca sexta: Sphingidae) to understand how they allocate these nutrients among competing sinks (reproduction, somatic tissue, and metabolic fuel). We found that both essential and nonessential amino acids were allocated to eggs and flight muscles and were still detectable in early-instar larvae. Parental-derived essential amino acids were more conserved in the early-instars than non-essential amino acids. All amino acids were used as metabolic fuel, but the non-essential amino acids were oxidized at higher rates than essential amino acids. Surprisingly, the nectar fatty acids were not vertically transferred to offspring, but were readily used as a metabolic fuel by the moth, minimizing losses of endogenous nutrient stores. We conclude that the non-carbohydrate components of nectar may play important roles in both reproductive success and survival of these nectar-feeding animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than just sugar: allocation of nectar amino acids and fatty acids in a Lepidopteran

2017

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“…In contrast, males eclose with sufficient resources to produce a large, first, spermatophore and should try and conserve their flight muscles as long as possible in order to locate and mate with additional females, which can be up to 6 times in this species (Levin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These females were mated to an unlabeled colony male and allowed to lay eggs on an oviposition platform with host-plant extract (see Levin et al, 2016). Females were killed on the morning of day 5 after eclosion (as for the males), their flight muscles were removed and δ…”

Section: Tissue Allocation In Female Mothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the utilization of essential and non-essential amino acids in a Lepidoptera

Levin

McCue

Davidowitz

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The different reproductive strategies of males and females underlie differences in behavior that may also lead to differences in nutrient use between the two sexes. We studied sex differences in the utilization of two essential amino acids (EAAs) and one non-essential amino acid (NEAA) by the Carolina sphinx moth (Manduca sexta). On day one post-eclosion from the pupae, adult male moths oxidized greater amounts of larva-derived AAs than females, and more nectarderived AAs after feeding. After 4 days of starvation, the opposite pattern was observed: adult females oxidized more larva-derived AAs than males. Adult males allocated comparatively small amounts of nectar-derived AAs to their first spermatophore, but this allocation increased substantially in the second and third spermatophores. Males allocated significantly more adult-derived AAs to their flight muscle than females. These outcomes indicate that adult male and female moths employ different strategies for allocation and oxidation of dietary AAs.

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“…It is likely that variable factors such as population density and sex ratio are important, particularly as they will affect female and male mating rates. Similarly, environmental conditions such as food availability can influence mating rates (Kotiaho, Simmons, & Tomkins, ; Rogers et al., , ), male fertility (Bunning et al., ; O'Dea, Jennions, & Head, ; Perry & Rowe, ; Perry et al., ) and female fecundity (Awmack & Leather, ; Cotton et al., ; Levin et al., ; Stewart, Morrow, & Rice, ). While in certain contexts an additional mating may be clearly beneficial for female fertility, we show that this is not always the case and there is a need to test females under a range of contexts that reflect those experienced under natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, dominant or attractive males may invest fewer sperm per mating as they have more opportunities to mate and so need to divide their ejaculate into smaller packages per female (Jones, 2001;Tazzyman, Pizzari, Seymour, & Pomiankowski, 2009;Warner, Shapiro, Marcanato, & Petersen, 1995). In many cases, female fertility suffers when the male has recently mated (Levin, Mitra, & Davidowitz, 2016;Perez-Staples, Aluja, Macías-Ordóñez, & Sivinski, 2008;Torres-Vila & Jennions, 2005;Wedell & Ritchie, 2004). The net effect is that female sperm limitation will vary with male mating strategy depending on the female's value to the male, the condition or attractiveness of the male, and his recent mating history.…”

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Variation in the benefits of multiple mating on female fertility in wild stalk‐eyed flies

Meade

Harley

Cotton

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Polyandry, female mating with multiple males, is widespread across many taxa and almost ubiquitous in insects. This conflicts with the traditional idea that females are constrained by their comparatively large investment in each offspring, and so should only need to mate once or a few times. Females may need to mate multiply to gain sufficient sperm supplies to maintain their fertility, especially in species in which male promiscuity results in division of their ejaculate among many females. Here, we take a novel approach, utilizing wild‐caught individuals to explore how natural variation among females and males influences fertility gains for females. We studied this in the Malaysian stalk‐eyed fly species Teleopsis dalmanni. After an additional mating, females benefit from greatly increased fertility (proportion fertile eggs). Gains from multiple mating are not uniform across females; they are greatest when females have high fecundity or low fertility. Fertility gains also vary spatially, as we find an additional strong effect of the stream from which females were collected. Responses were unaffected by male mating history (males kept with females or in male‐only groups). Recent male mating may be of lesser importance because males in many species, including T. dalmanni, partition their ejaculate to maintain their fertility over many matings. This study highlights the importance of complementing laboratory studies with data on wild‐caught populations, where there is considerable heterogeneity between individuals. Future research should focus on environmental, demographic and genetic factors that are likely to significantly influence variation in individual female fecundity and fertility.

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Fed males increase oviposition in female hawkmoths via non-nutritive direct benefits

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

More than just sugar: allocation of nectar amino acids and fatty acids in a Lepidopteran

More than just sugar: allocation of nectar amino acids and fatty acids in a Lepidopteran

Sex differences in the utilization of essential and non-essential amino acids in a Lepidoptera

Variation in the benefits of multiple mating on female fertility in wild stalk‐eyed flies

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