Fecal Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α and Calprotectin as Differential Diagnostic Markers for Severe Diarrhea of Small Infants

Abstract

Determination of fecal inflammatory markers is a simple method helping to distinguish constitutive from immuno-inflammatory etiologies of severe persistent diarrhea. These data also suggest that constitutive enterocyte disorders are not accompanied by an inflammatory mucosal reaction.

Fecal Lactoferrin and Calprotectin After Ileocolonic Resection for Crohn's Disease

“…14 Calprotectin is resistant to colonic bacterial degradation and is easily detected and measured in feces by commercially available ELISA. [15][16][17] This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the role of fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin as first step marker of intestinal inflammation in patients with CD after ileocolonic resection.…”

The Spectrum of Autoimmune Enteropathy

“…The clinical spectrum of the syndrome includes neurological manifestations, such as seizures and developmental delay. Reactions to vaccines and increased susceptibility to infections can be attributed either to neutropenia and the immunosuppressive therapy or to the altered skin/gut barrier (Table 2.4) [61]. FOXP3 mutations can lead to different phenotypes of IPEX syndrome in terms of symptoms and severity.…”

“…Glucose intolerance can be present at birth and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus begins often during the first year of life as a result of the complete inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic islet cells prior to the intestinal symptoms [75]. Thyroiditis presents either in the form of hyperthyroidism, or most commonly as hypothyroidism requiring substitutive therapy [13,61].…”

“…It has been proposed that the dramatically increased levels of faecal calprotectin in neonates and infants with immuneinflammatory disorder can distinguish these disorders from constitutive epithelial disorders with 100 % specificity [61].…”

Calprotectin: Clinical Applications in Pediatrics

“…23,24 Their values were either < 50 µg/g or undetectable, versus other immune-inflammatory disorders where the observed median (range) FC was 1145 (375-3095) µg/g at the onset of severe diarrhea, p < 0.01. 58 In celiac disease, untreated adults were shown to have comparable FC (45.02 ± 24.18 µg/g), while healthy controls had values of 36.51 ± 21.67 µg/g. 59 The application of calprotectin in celiac disease might be better suited for children and those receiving a specialized diet.…”