Fecal starch as an indicator of total-tract starch digestibility by lactating dairy cows

Fredin, S.M.; Ferraretto, L.F.; Akins, M.S.; Hoffman, P.C.; Shaver, R.D.

doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7395

Cited by 42 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It has been well established in lactating dairy cows that a decrease in fecal starch is associated with increased feed efficiency and milk production (Firkins et al, 2001); however, fecal starch has not been used for or validated as a marker of weaning success in calves. In the current experiment, fecal starch percentages were lower in the preweaning phase (d 35 of life) compared with that reported in lactating dairy cows (Fredin et al, 2014). The 6WW calves displayed the highest and most variable fecal starch levels, exceeding that of 8WW calves 1 wk after weaning.…”

contrasting

confidence: 53%

“…In addition to ruminal metrics, the total digestive tract starch digestibility was assessed by fecal starch quantification (Fredin et al, 2014). It has been well established in lactating dairy cows that a decrease in fecal starch is associated with increased feed efficiency and milk production (Firkins et al, 2001); however, fecal starch has not been used for or validated as a marker of weaning success in calves.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Eckert

Brown

Leslie

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

144

150

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Recent research has revealed potential advantages of feeding an elevated plane of nutrition to calves during the preweaning period. However, calves fed more nutrients preweaning may be more susceptible to depressed growth and weaning stress during the transition from liquid to solid feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the age of weaning and feed intake, and its influence on growth, gastrointestinal development, and behavioral indicators in dairy calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning period. To meet this objective, 20 female Holstein calves were randomly assigned at birth to be weaned at 6 or 8 wk. Milk replacer (mixed at 150 g/L) was offered at 1.2 kg/calf per day in 2 meals until a 1-wk step-down, when meals were reduced by 50% 1 wk before weaning. Daily starter, chopped oat straw, water intake, and weekly body weights were measured until d 70 of life. To assess digestive tract development, rumen fluid, fecal, and blood samples were taken before and after weaning (d 35, 49, and 63) and analyzed for ruminal short-chain fatty acids, blood β-hydroxybutyrate, and fecal starch, respectively. Behavioral indicators of weaning stress, including vocalizing and non-nutritive oral behavior, were measured by visual observation for 1 h, 3 times per week, before the second feeding of the day during the period from 2 wk before weaning to 2 wk after weaning. The calves weaned at 8 wk compared with 6 wk had higher average daily gain for the week preweaning (0.79±0.09 vs. 0.34±0.10 kg/d) and postweaning (1.05±0.09 vs. 0.35±0.11 kg/d), and were heavier at d 70 (99.9±1.81 vs. 91.0±2.26 kg). From 5 to 8 wk of age, starter and water intakes were lower in calves weaned at 8 wk of age. However, overall starter intake did not differ during the last week of the experiment. Furthermore, calves weaned at 8 wk compared with 6 wk had higher starter intake for 1 wk preweaning (1.36±0.13 vs. 0.40±0.08 kg/d) and postweaning (2.51±0.20 vs. 1.16±0.15 kg/d). In both treatments, weaning increased ruminal short-chain fatty acids, blood β-hydroxybutyrate, and fecal starch, yet the differences between the week before and after weaning were greater for calves weaned at 6 wk compared with those weaned at 8 wk. Treatment × week relative to weaning interactions indicated that several behaviors varied between early- and later-weaned calves during the week before weaning; calves weaned at 6 wk tended to exhibit 75% more non-nutritive oral behavior and spent 55% less time ruminating, and 36% less time lying compared with calves weaned at 8 wk. Under the conditions of this study, the results suggest that calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition preweaning have higher starter intakes and average daily gain during the weaning period when weaning is extended from 6 to 8 wk of age.

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confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Eckert

Brown

Leslie

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

144

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Treatment TMR, fecal, and ort samples were composited by week (TMR samples), pen within week (ort samples), or cow within pen within week (fecal samples); the composited samples were analyzed for DM, OM, CP, NDF, starch, and lignin, as previously described. Total-tract starch digestibility was also calculated from fecal starch concentration using the equation [100 × (0.9997 − 0.0125 × fecal starch, % DM)] (Fredin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ttSTD was greater (P < 0.01) for SHRD than KP. Similarly, ttSTD calculated using the fecal starch concentration equation of Fredin et al (2014) was greater (P < 0.05) for SHRD than KP. Treatment means for ttSTD calculated using fecal starch were 98.5, 98.9, and 99.0% for KP, KPH, and SHRD, respectively.…”

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confidence: 96%

Brown midrib corn shredlage in diets for high-producing dairy cows

Vanderwerff

Ferraretto

Shaver

2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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A novel method of harvesting whole-plant corn silage, shredlage, may increase kernel processing and physically effective fiber. Improved fiber effectiveness may be especially advantageous when feeding brown midrib (BMR) corn hybrids, which have reduced lignin content. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding TMR containing BMR corn shredlage (SHRD) compared with BMR conventionally processed corn silage (KP) or KP plus chopped alfalfa hay (KPH) on intake, lactation performance, and total-tract nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. The KP was harvested using conventional rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 19mm of theoretical length of cut, whereas SHRD was harvested using novel cross-grooved rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 26mm of theoretical length of cut. Holstein cows (n=120; 81±8 d in milk at trial initiation), stratified by parity, days in milk, and milk yield, were randomly assigned to 15 pens of 8 cows each. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment diets, SHRD, KP, or KPH, in a completely randomized design using a 2-wk covariate period with cows fed a common diet followed by a 14-wk treatment period with cows fed their assigned treatment diet. The TMR contained (dry matter basis) KP or SHRD forages (45%), alfalfa silage (10%), and a concentrate mixture (45%). Hay replaced 10% of KP silage in the KPH treatment TMR (dry matter basis). Milk, protein, and lactose yields were 3.4, 0.08, and 0.16kg/d greater, respectively, for cows fed KP and SHRD than KPH. A week by treatment interaction was detected for milk yield, such that cows fed SHRD produced or tended to produce 1.5kg/d per cow more milk, on average, than cows fed KP during 6 of the 14 treatment weeks. Component-corrected milk yields were similar among treatments. Cows fed KPH had greater milk fat concentration than cows fed KP and SHRD (3.67 vs. 3.30% on average). Consumption of dry matter, rumination activity, and sorting behavior were similar among treatments. Ruminal in situ starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP forages, and total-tract dietary starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP. Milk yield and starch digestibility were greater for SHRD than KP. Lack of improvement in milk fat content and rumination activity for SHRD compared with KP and reduced milk fat content for SHRD compared with KPH, however, suggest no improvement in physically effective fiber from the longer theoretical length of cut used with SHRD in a BMR hybrid.

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“…The science that studies feces, called Scatology, has been done since 1920's (Seton, 1925) by exploring several types of information obtained from feces and their contents, such as for identifying the animal (Camardella et al, 2000), diet composition (Santos andHartz 1999, Kauhala andAuniola 2001), seasonal diet changes (Aragona and Setz 2001), health condition, and potential enteroparasitosis dynamics (Patton et al 1986, Page et al, 2001. Moreover, recently, feces could be used to determine starch digestion (Fredin et al, 2014;Zinn et al, 2007) as well as organic matter digestion (Lukas et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Use of Fecal Characteristics for Feed Digestibility Determination in Goat

Santoso

Puspitasari

Muktiani

et al. 2015

J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi karakteristik fisik dan hubungan antara karakteristik fisik feses dengan kecernaan pakan pada kambing perah Peranakan Etawah (PE). Enam belas ekor kambing PE laktasi 2 dan periode laktasi bulan 4-5 digunakan sebagai materi penelitian, dengan rancangan acak kelompok berdasarkan produksi susu sebagai ulangan. Ransum yang diberikan mengandung protein kasar 16% dan total digestible nutrients (TDN) 65% dengan perlakuan T 0 : pakan tanpa urea; T 1 : pakan dengan kandungan urea 0,4% bahan kering; T 2 : pakan dengan kandungan urea 0,8% bahan kering; T 3 : pakan dengan kandungan urea 1,2% bahan kering. Parameter yang diamati adalah kecernaan bahan kering pakan, kadar air feses, perluasan feses pipih (PFP) dan proporsi partikel kasar feses (PPKF). Data dianalisis dengan ragam dan uji korelasi-regresi untuk mengetahui hubungan antar parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level urea dalam pakan sebesar 0 -1,2% bahan kering pakan tidak menyebabkan perbedaan kecernaan bahan kering, kadar air, tingkat PFP dan PPKF. Terdapat hubungan negatif kuat antara tingkat kecernaan bahan kering dengan kadar air feses (r = -0,665) dan tingkat PFP (r = -0,553), serta terdapat hubungan positif kuat antara tingkat kecernaan bahan kering pakan dengan tingkat PPKF (r = 0,608). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah kadar air feses, tingkat PFP dan PPKF dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kualitas pakan yang diberikan. Apabila feses memiliki tekstur lebih halus, kering dan partikel kecil maka kecernaan pakannya lebih tinggi, sebaliknya apabila feses bertekstur kasar, basah, partikel besar maka kecernaan pakan lebih rendah.Kata kunci : karakteristik, feses, kecernaan, kambing PE. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore physical characteristics and its correlation to feed digestibility in goat. Sixteen Ettawah Grade goats in the second milk production periods and in the 4-5 th month of lactation were used in this study. The study was arranged with completely randomized block block design based on milk production as replications. The goats were fed ration containing 16% of crude protein and 65% of total digestible nutrients (TDN). Some of crude protein content were supplied by urea. The treatments were control ration (without urea; T0), ration with 0.4% urea (T1), ration with 0.8% urea (T2), and ration with 1.2% urea (T3). Parameters observed were feed digestibility, fecal extended level (FEL), and fecal rough particle distribution (FRPD). Data were analyzed using correlation-regression to find the correlation between fecal characteristics and feed digestibility. The results showed that urea content in the rations up to 1.2% of dry matter did not affect dry mater digestibility, water content and fecal characteristics (FEL and FRPD). There were highly negative correlation (r= -0.665) between feed digestibility and water content of feces as well as feed digestibility and FEL (r= -0.553), while correlation between digestibility and FRDP was positive (r=0.608). The conclusion of this study was water content, ...

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Fecal starch as an indicator of total-tract starch digestibility by lactating dairy cows

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Weaning age affects growth, feed intake, gastrointestinal development, and behavior in Holstein calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition during the preweaning stage

Brown midrib corn shredlage in diets for high-producing dairy cows

A Study on the Use of Fecal Characteristics for Feed Digestibility Determination in Goat

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