Fecal microbiota transplantation reverses antibiotic and chemotherapy-induced gut dysbiosis in mice

Abstract

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now widely used to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, but has been less studied as a means to restore microbiome diversity and composition following antibiotic or chemotherapy treatments. The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy of FMT to reverse antibiotic- and chemotherapy-induced gut dysbiosis in a mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were treated with ampicillin for 1 week and/or received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fluorouracil. Fresh stool was collected and analyzed using shotgun metagenomics and the Illumina sequencing platform. Ampicillin caused a significant and immediate decrease in bacterial species richness and diversity that persisted for one week. In mice that received FMT, disruption of the intestinal microbiota was reversed immediately. Antibiotic and chemotherapy administration caused significant alteration in species distribution, including a decrease in the relative proportions of Clostridium scindens and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and an increase in known pathogenic species. In mice receiving FMT, we observed a significant increase in species known to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, chemotherapy led to a critical decrease in key ‘health-promoting’ species and to an altered functional profile, especially when chemotherapy was administered in tandem with antibiotics, and that FMT can ameliorate these effects.

Obesity-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis can be ameliorated by fecal microbiota transplantation: a multiomics approach

“…When testing these three microbiota modulation strategies, different changes were observed in the bacterial metaproteome, demonstrating that every single change in the host environment can affect microbiota function. In addition to results observed over a short-term period of time [16,18], these findings show that a HFD has a major impact on the mouse cecal microbiota that extends beyond compositional changes to major alterations in bacterial physiology, and FMT can be considered a new strategy to treat obesity.…”

Spring mineral water-borne bacteria reshape gut microbiota profiles and confer health benefits

“…How to cope with opportunistic infection from the gut commensal bacteria remains unsolved in the elderly. In general, it would be realized by fecal microbiota transplantation [42], but more practical by probiotic supplementation [43] and dietary fiber consumption [44]. This study, showing a promise outcome of the natural and clean MW for the better control of gut bacteria, provides a convenient and safe choice to prevent the early onset of breast cancer by curating a high-fat diet-and red meat-induced gut dysbiosis [45,46].…”

Ethyl‐N‐dodecanoyl‐l‐arginate hydrochloride combats pathogens with low‐resistance generation by membrane attack and modifies gut microbiota structure

“…Another side‐effect of antibacterial agents is that they unbalance the gut microbiota (Jernberg, et al , ; Macfarlane, ). For instance, ampicillin and gentamicin cause a significant and immediate decrease in bacterial species richness and diversity (Johnson, et al , ; Le Bastard, et al , ). It has been shown that even short‐term antibiotic administration has long‐term impacts on the gut microbiome (Jakobsson, et al , ).…”