Fecal microbiota transplantation for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Klingensmith, Nathan J.; Coopersmith, Craig M.

doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1567-z

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A major problem limiting the efficacy of FMT in ICU patients is the prevalent use of antibiotics. Some authors have proposed stopping antibiotics before and after FMT so that the transplanted bacteria can reshape the microbiome [112]. Another major limitation is the risk that FMT poses in immunocompromised patients [113], where they can cause serious infections.…”

Section: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (Fmt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of the Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients: Role of Nutrition

et al. 2019

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Critically ill patients have an alteration in the microbiome in which it becomes a disease-promoting pathobiome. It is characterized by lower bacterial diversity, loss of commensal phyla, like Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and a domination of pathogens belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. Although these alterations are multicausal, many of the treatments administered to these patients, like antibiotics, play a significant role. Critically ill patients also have a hyperpermeable gut barrier and dysregulation of the inflammatory response that favor the development of the pathobiome, translocation of pathogens, and facilitate the emergence of sepsis. In order to restore the homeostasis of the microbiome, several nutritional strategies have been evaluated with the aim to improve the management of critically ill patients. Importantly, enteral nutrition has proven to be more efficient in promoting the homeostasis of the gut microbiome compared to parenteral nutrition. Several nutritional therapies, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are currently being used, showing variable results, possibly due to the unevenness of clinical trial conditions and the fact that the beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to particular species or even strains. Thus, it is of great importance to better understand the mechanisms by which nutrition and supplement therapies can heal the microbiome in critically ill patients in order to finally implement them in clinical practice with optimal safety and efficacy.

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Section: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (Fmt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of the Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients: Role of Nutrition

et al. 2019

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“…The optical density (OD) value of the supernatant slurry was checked to calculate the concentration of total bacteria (OD = 0.5 represents 10 8 cells ). For each mouse, 1×10 8 bacterial cells (1×10 9.8 bacterial cells represents the sum of the total bacterial population within 2 g of cecal contents) were centrifuged for 5 min at 12,000 rpm, at 4 ℃, and them bacterial pellets were resuspended in 0.2 ml PBS and gavaged into each mouse one day at a time [23,24]. For acute studies, mice in the FMT group received a single dose of fecal microbiota just prior to cecal ligation and puncture for the rst day [22].…”

Section: Fecal Microbiota Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The syndrome can be induced by a wide variety of microbes and, by de nition, involves a maladaptive response to a pathogen [5]. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been hypothesized to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, by both driving and perpetuating multiple organ dysfunction [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota transplantation reconstructs the gut microbiota of septic mice and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier

Gai

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background This study aimed to confirm the existence of gut microbiota (GM) imbalance in the early stage of sepsis, observe the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on sepsis, and explore whether FMT can reconstruct the GM of septic mice and restore its protective function on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Methods The study included acute experiments and 7-day mortality observation experiments with clean-grade C57BL/6, and they were randomly divided randomly into three groups, namely, the sham group, the sepsis model group and the fecal microbiota transplantation group. Fresh feces from 10 mice were kept every day to make fecal liquid. The Sham group and the CLP group were given intragastric administration once a day with phosphate-buffered saline, and the FMT group mice were given fecal microbiota transplantation once a day. The animals were euthanized at 12, 24, and 48 h after modeling, and blood, colon, and stool from each mouse were collected at the same time.Results Colonic pathological scores, pro-inflammatory cytokines, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB protein levels, and gene expression levels, were lower in the FMT group, while anti-inflammatory factors, mucus layer thickness, MUC2, occludin, and ZO-1 proteins were higher in the FMT group than the CLP group. Bacterial flora analysis showed gut flora was reconstructed after FMT. The species composition of the differential pathways revealed that the Lachnospiraceae group contributed the most by the L-lysine pathway of fermentation to acetate and butanoate.Conclusion GM imbalance exists early in sepsis. FMT can improve morbidity and effectively reduce mortality in septic mice. After the fecal bacteria were transplanted, the abundance and diversity of the gut flora were restored, and the microbial characteristics of the donors changed. FMT can effectively reduce epithelial cell apoptosis, improve the composition of the mucus layer, upregulate the expression of tight junction proteins, and reduce intestinal permeability and the inflammatory response, thus protecting the intestinal barrier function. After FMT, Lachnospiraceae contributes the most to intestinal protection through enhancement of the L-lysine fermentation pathway, resulting in the production of acetate and butanoate, and may be the key bacteria for short-chain fatty acid metabolism and FMT success.

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“…The syndrome can be induced by a wide variety of microbes and, by definition, involves a maladaptive response to a pathogen 5 . The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been hypothesized to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, by both driving and perpetuating multiple organ dysfunction 8,9 . The original concept of gut-derived sepsis proposed that the altered inflammatory milieu induced by overwhelming infection leads to intestinal hyperpermeability, allowing luminal contents, including intact microbes, and microbial products, to escape their natural environment where they can cause either local or distant injury 1,5,6,10 .…”

Section: The World Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota transplantation reconstructs the gut microbiota of septic mice and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier

Gai

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been hypothesized to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis may be the key factor. Previous studies has confirmed that microbiome is markedly altered in critical illness. We aimed to confirm the existence of gut microbiota imbalance in the early stage of sepsis, observe the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on sepsis, and explore whether FMT can reconstruct the GM of septic mice and restore its protective function on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Through the study of flora, mucus layer, tight junction, immune barrier, and short-chain fatty acid changes in septic mice and fecal microbiota transplanted mice , we found that GM imbalance exists early in sepsis. FMT can improve morbidity and effectively reduce mortality in septic mice. After the fecal bacteria were transplanted, the abundance and diversity of the gut flora were restored, and the microbial characteristics of the donors changed. FMT can effectively reduce epithelial cell apoptosis, improve the composition of the mucus layer, upregulate the expression of tight junction proteins, and reduce intestinal permeability and the inflammatory response, thus protecting the intestinal barrier function. After FMT, Lachnospiraceae contributes the most to intestinal protection through enhancement of the L-lysine fermentation pathway, resulting in the production of acetate and butanoate, and may be the key bacteria for short-chain fatty acid metabolism and FMT success.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

The Importance of the Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients: Role of Nutrition

The Importance of the Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients: Role of Nutrition

Fecal microbiota transplantation reconstructs the gut microbiota of septic mice and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier

Fecal microbiota transplantation reconstructs the gut microbiota of septic mice and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier

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