Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Tool for Therapeutic Modulation of Non-gastrointestinal Disorders

Abstract

Fecal microbiota transplantation has been primarily investigated as a therapeutic tool for a number of gut disorders. Optimistic results from clinical studies on Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome have stimulated the expansion of possible indications in which FMT might represent a game changing approach. Microbial dysbiosis was shown in a number of non-gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, FMT was proven to be effective in therapy of numerous animal models of disease. However, only a proportion of these disorders have been addressed in clinical studies using FMT. These include obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular inflammation and neurological disorders such as autism, depression and Parkinson's disease. Results from preclinical and clinical studies also outlined possible molecular mechanisms that contribute to alleviation of the disease. These range from increasing the circulating levels of microbial metabolites (trimethylamine N-oxide, lipopolysaccharide, short chain fatty acids) to stimulation of the enteric nervous system. Several methodological shortcomings are still to be addressed; however, positive results of the clinical studies indicate that further investigation of FMT as a therapeutic tool for non-gastrointestinal disorders can be expected in upcoming years.

Anticolonization of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae by Lactobacillus plantarum LP1812 Through Accumulated Acetic Acid in Mice Intestinal

“…Therefore, we depleted the microbiota in adult mice using a broad spectrum KGCVM antibiotic combination and then pre-treated with different interventions before CRKP ZKP25 inoculation ( Figure 3A ). Given that FMT is commonly used in clinical practice to restore intestinal microbiota and consequently clear intestinal colonized pathogens ( Liptak et al., 2021 ), it was considered as a positive control. Before ZKP25 inoculation, four interventions were administered, including Blank (control), FMT, L. plantarum LP1812 (L.P. group), and MIX (combined L. plantarum LP1812 with FMT).…”

Association between Parkinson’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: From Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prevention to Treatment

“…Patients with PD can exhibit microbiota-related dysbiosis and gastrointestinal complications even before the clinical onset of motor symptoms, such as hypersalivation, dysphagia, and constipation [ 108 ]. Therefore, targeting gut microbiota homeostasis with probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, and postbiotic (PPSP) supplementation as well as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapy for both DM and PD [ 109 - 111 ] ( Fig. 2 ).…”

Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology

“…Dietary interventions, probiotics, symbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, bioengineering, and herbal medicine are the most common approaches for restoration of the gut microbiome. [192][193][194] Fermented soy protein, 75 quinoa protein, 76 honokiol, 77 and S. platensis 78 are potential approaches for lowering blood pressure. Lactobacillus supplementation, 80 Zn(II)-Curcumin, 81 glabridin, 82 phenylalanine-butyramide, 83 The transplantation of vegan fecal microbiota had positive effects in intestinal microbiota composition, although no changes were observed in TMAO production and vascular inflammation parameters.…”