Fecal Microbiota Composition and Frailty

Tongeren, Sandra P. van; Slaets, Joris P. J.; Harmsen, Hermie J. M.; Welling, Gjalt W.

doi:10.1128/aem.71.10.6438-6442.2005

Cited by 287 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This suggests that the first generation may metabolize isoflavonoids differently from women in later generations owing to differences in early nutrition. Other explanations include older age because it is known that the composition of the gut flora changes with age (Saunier and Dore 2002;van Tongeren et al, 2005) or environmental factors that influence equol-producing gut bacteria (Lampe et al, 1999). The fact that studied women from one family provides new insight into this issue because cross-sectional studies of unrelated subjects tend to be confounded by differences in diet and environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion and soy consumption in three generations of Japanese women in Hawaii

et al. 2006

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Objective: To explore soy intake and urinary isoflavonoid excretion within several generations of American-Japanese women based on the hypothesis that earlier generations excrete higher levels of urinary isoflavonoids, in particular the metabolite equol, than later generations. Subjects: A convenience sample of 43 women from 19 families aged 18-78 years, all of whom reported at least 50% Japanese ancestry. Interventions: Each woman collected overnight urine samples at baseline and after consuming one serving of soymilk, both samples were analyzed for the isoflavonoids daidzein, genistein and equol using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Median isoflavone intakes during the last year were 7.2 mg/day for the first generation, 7.3 mg/day for the second generation and 6.3 mg/day for the third generation (P ¼ 0.36). At baseline, the median isoflavonoid excretion for the first generation was nonsignificantly higher than for later generations (190, 86 and 42 nmol/h; P ¼ 0.20) but after intervention, the median urinary isoflavonoid excretion was very similar for the three groups: 2465, 1895 and 2775 nmol/h (P ¼ 0.70). Following intervention, a nonsignificantly higher proportion of older than younger women (53 vs 32 and 33%; P ¼ 0.41) excreted the metabolite equol. The respective median equol excretion rates by generation following intervention were 39.5, 4.2 and 3.5 nmol/h (P ¼ 0.04). Conclusions: This small investigation among three generations of Japanese-Americans detected a higher equol production among older women after a soy challenge, but no difference in the excretion of total isoflavonoids after a standardized dose of soymilk was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion and soy consumption in three generations of Japanese women in Hawaii

et al. 2006

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“…Leptin positively correlates with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, with a significant negative correlation with Clostridium, Bacteroides and Prevotella. Ghrelin, on the other hand, is positively correlated with Bacteroides and Prevotella, while negatively correlated with Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and B. Coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group [8]. This correlation might be a potential mechanism of action through which the microbiota affects body composition; nonetheless, research in this area is still far from conclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Exercise and Dietary Factors Affecting the Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Willoughby

2017

JNHFE

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Gut microbiota degrades complex polysaccharides and synthesizes short chain fatty acids that regulate the intestinal barrier by stimulating mucin synthesis. Mucin maintains the integrity of the gut by forming a mucus layer that covers and protects the intestinal epithelium. Lactate-and butyrate-producing bacteria maintain gut integrity in healthy individuals, while non-butyrate-producing, lactate-utilizing bacteria prevent optimal mucin synthesis. The effect of the microbiota on the host physiology was first observed with animal experiments involving fecal transplantation, in which impressive metabolic effects were passed from the donor to the host. These experiments showed that the microbiota from obese donors has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet, thus affecting body composition in the long term. One of the potential mechanisms through which the microbiota could affect body composition is by regulating the delivery of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones, as it has been shown that the concentration of these hormones is correlated with several groups of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has not only been linked to body composition outcomes but also to the development and severity of certain metabolic abnormalities such as autoimmune diseases (type I diabetes and lupus), necrotizing enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, acute diarrheal infections, and frailty. It is well established that lifestyle factors such as exercise, diet, and supplementation with pre-and/or probiotics affects the gut microbiota. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of exercise, diet, and supplementation with pre-and/or probiotics on the gut microbiota of humans and animals models. Clinical perspectives and future research areas will also be discussed.

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“…system, the so-called inflammaging, that may contribute to frailty (33) . It was therefore interesting that altered microbiota was reported in frail older subjects (34) , although the number of subjects was relatively small. Proportions of lactobacilli were significantly depleted (twenty-sixfold), while the abundance was also reduced for the Bacteroides/ Prevotella group (threefold) and the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group (fourfold) (34) .…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Its Development Throughout Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was therefore interesting that altered microbiota was reported in frail older subjects (34) , although the number of subjects was relatively small. Proportions of lactobacilli were significantly depleted (twenty-sixfold), while the abundance was also reduced for the Bacteroides/ Prevotella group (threefold) and the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group (fourfold) (34) . Testing the hypothesis that altered gut microbiota in the elderly might be associated with health loss including frailty and inflammation was one of the aims of the ELDERMET project in Cork, Ireland (see later).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Its Development Throughout Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in older subjects: variation, health consequences and dietary intervention prospects

2014

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Alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and function have been linked to conditions including functional gastrointestinal disorders, obesity and diabetes. The gut microbiome encodes metabolic capability in excess of that encoded by the human genome, and bacterially produced enzymes are important for releasing nutrients from complex dietary ingredients. Previous culture-based studies had indicated that the gut microbiota of older people was different from that of younger adults, but the detailed findings were contradictory. Small-scale studies had also shown that the microbiota composition could be altered by dietary intervention or supplementation. We showed that the core microbiota and aggregate composition in 161 seniors was distinct from that of younger persons. To further investigate the reasons for this variation, we analysed the microbiota composition of 178 elderly subjects for whom the dietary intake data were available. The data revealed distinct microbiota composition groups, which overlapped with distinct dietary patterns that were governed by where people lived: at home, in rehabilitation or in long-term residential care. These dietmicrobiota separations correlated with cluster analysis of NMR-derived faecal metabolites and shotgun metagenomic data. Major separations in the microbiota correlated with selected clinical measurements. It should thus be possible to programme the microbiota to enrich bacterial species and activities that promote healthier ageing. A number of other studies have investigated the effect of certain dietary components and their ability to modulate the microbiota composition to promote health. This review will discuss dietary interventions conducted thus far, especially those in elderly populations and highlight their impact on the intestinal microbiota.

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Fecal Microbiota Composition and Frailty

Cited by 287 publications

References 40 publications

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion and soy consumption in three generations of Japanese women in Hawaii

Urinary isoflavonoid excretion and soy consumption in three generations of Japanese women in Hawaii

Exercise and Dietary Factors Affecting the Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Gut microbiota in older subjects: variation, health consequences and dietary intervention prospects

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