Fecal matters

Palmer, Roxanne

doi:10.1038/nm0211-150

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…K. Lee & Mazmanian, 2010; Ley, 2010; Nicholson, et al, 2012; Rakoff-Nahoum, Paglino, Eslami-Varzaneh, Edberg, & Medzhitov, 2004; Vijay-Kumar, et al, 2010). Notwithstanding with evolution of symbiotic bacteria in gut, certain bacterial inhabitants of gut which are called pathobionts exert disease-promoting effects on hosts, such as inducing inflammation, carcinogenesis and obesity (Chow, Tang, & Mazmanian, 2011; Elinav, et al, 2011; Garrett, et al, 2010; Palmer, 2011). Thus, gut microbiota possess properties that both positively and negatively affect health of the host.…”

Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis

Sivaprakasam

Prasad

Singh

2016

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

422

286

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Epidemiological studies have linked increased incidence of inflammatory diseases and intestinal cancers in the developed parts of the world to the consumption of diets poor in dietary fibers and rich in refined carbohydrates. Gut bacteria residing in the intestinal lumen exclusively metabolize dietary fibers. Butyrate, propionate and acetate, which are collectively called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are generated by fermentation of dietary fibers by gut microbiota. Evidences indicate that SCFAs are key players in regulating beneficial effect of dietary fibers and gut microbiota on our health. SCFAs interact with metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A expressed in gut epithelium and immune cells. These interactions induce mechanisms that play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in gut and other organs. This review summarizes the protective roles of GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A in dietary fibers-, gut microbiota- and SCFAs- mediated suppression of inflammation and carcinogenesis in gut and other organs.

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Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis

Sivaprakasam

Prasad

Singh

2016

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

422

286

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“…However, despite efficient antibiotic treatment of individual episodes, about 30% of patients suffer from one or more recurrent CDAD episodes [11,12,13], which has led to the investigation of fecal bacteriotherapy, or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as an alternative treatment option [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Donor stool for this kind of treatment is usually obtained from a spouse/intimate partner or relative tested for various pathogens prior to transplantation. Anecdotal reports and various smaller case series have suggested a high success rate (80-100%) of FMT to treat recurrent CDAD [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. Moreover, the first controlled randomized clinical trial has recently reported the superiority of FMT to standard antibiotic therapy [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiome of a Recovered <b><i>Clostridium difficile</i></b> Patient after Fecal Transplantation

et al. 2013

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Background:Clostridium difficile infections upon antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiota are potentially lethal. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising treatment option for recurrent C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Here, we present a patient with recurrent CDAD that received FMT, leading to full recovery for what has now been 3 years. We performed metagenomic sequencing on stool samples to assess if there are indications for recolonization with C. difficile and changes in the gut microbiota after FMT. Methods: DNA from the stool of the donor and recipient was subjected to illumina sequencing. Obtained read sets were assembled to contiguous sequences and open reading frames were predicted. Deduced proteins were taxonomically assigned. Results: We detected complex and apparently healthy microbiomes in the donor's and recipient's intestines after FMT, but no indications for C. difficile colonization. Conclusions: Metagenomic analysis proved suitable to analyze the intestinal microbiome after FMT. Discussion of our evaluation procedure and data management may be helpful for future studies. We demonstrated restoration of a healthy and diverse gut microbiome with chimeric composition from donor and recipient, and long-lasting clearance of C. difficile. The procedure is simple, cheap, caused no side effects, and was stable over 3 years.

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“…12 Because donor screening and testing for FMT are managed more strictly than that of blood donations, FMT should be regarded as a safer method than blood transfusion. 13 Nevertheless, evidence regarding the safety of FMT is limited, and long-term safety of FMT remains unclear. Second, we assumed that patients would refuse FMT due to aesthetic reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Refractory and RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection: A Case Series of Nine Patients

Bang

Park

Kim

et al. 2017

Korean J Gastroenterol

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Background/Aims: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for refractory and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Despite its excellent efficacy and recent widespread use, FMT has not been widely used in South Korea thus far. We describe our experience with FMT to treat refractory/recurrent CDI. Methods: We conducted a chart review of patients who underwent FMT for refractory/recurrent CDI at Inha University Hospital, between March 2014 and June 2016. The demographic information, treatment data, and adverse events were reviewed. FMT was administered via colonoscopy and/or duodenoscopy. All stool donors were rigorously screened to prevent infectious disease transmission. Results: FMT was performed in nine patients with refractory/recurrent CDI. All patients were dramatically cured. Bowel movement was normalized within one week after FMT. There were no procedure-related adverse events, except aspiration pneumonia in one patient. During the follow-up period (mean 11.4 months), recurrence of CDI was observed in one patient at one month after FMT due to antibiotics. Conclusions: FMT is a safe, well-tolerated and highly effective treatment for refractory/recurrent CDI. Although there are many barriers to using FMT, we expect that FMT will be widely used to treat refractory/recurrent CDI in South Korea. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2017;69: 226-231)

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Fecal matters

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis

Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis

Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiome of a Recovered <b><i>Clostridium difficile</i></b> Patient after Fecal Transplantation

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Refractory and RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection: A Case Series of Nine Patients

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