Fecal Ecology in Leaf Beetles: Novel Records in the African Arrow-Poison Beetles, D<scp>iamphidia</scp>Gerstaecker and P<scp>olyclada</scp>Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)

Chaboo, Caroline S.; Grobbelaar, Elizabeth; Larsen, Arne Rosenkrands

doi:10.1649/0010-065x(2007)61[297:feilbn]2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, the hunter cleans his hands with loose sand. Different San groups squeeze Diamphidia beetle tissue directly onto the shaft of the arrow (see photographs in Campbell 1968a and Chaboo et al 2007). Hunters indicated that cocoons or prepared poison arrows may be traded with hunters in other communities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Chaboo¹,

Biesele²,

Hitchcock³

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of archery to hunt appears relatively late in human history. It is poorly understood but the application of poisons to arrows to increase lethality must have occurred shortly after developing bow hunting methods; these early multi-stage transitions represent cognitive shifts in human evolution. This paper is a synthesis of widely-scattered literature in anthropology, entomology, and chemistry, dealing with San (“Bushmen”) arrow poisons. The term San (or Khoisan) covers many indigenous groups using so-called ‘click languages’ in southern Africa. Beetles are used for arrow poison by at least eight San groups and one non-San group. Fieldwork and interviews with Ju|’hoan and Hai||om hunters in Namibia revealed major differences in the nature and preparation of arrow poisons, bow and arrow construction, and poison antidote. Ju|’hoan hunters use leaf-beetle larvae of Diamphidia Gerstaecker and Polyclada Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) collected from soil around the host plants Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. and Commiphora angolensis Engl. (Burseracaeae). In the Nyae Nyae area of Namibia, Ju|’hoan hunters use larvae of Diamphidia nigroornata Ståhl. Larvae and adults live above-ground on the plants and eat leaves, but the San collect the underground cocoons to extract the mature larvae. Larval hemolymph is mixed with saliva and applied to arrows. Hai||om hunters boil the milky plant sap of Adenium bohemianum Schinz (Apocynaceae) to reduce it to a thick paste that is applied to their arrows. The socio-cultural, historical, and ecological contexts of the various San groups may determine differences in the sources and preparation of poisons, bow and arrow technology, hunting behaviors, poison potency, and perhaps antidotes.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to our observations, other methods of poison preparation and application appear in the literature. Grubs are dried, ground and mixed with saliva or plant sap (Stigand 1913) or living larvae are squeezed to apply the entrails directly to the arrow-head (Breyer-Brandwijk 1937; Chaboo et al 2007). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Chaboo¹,

Biesele²,

Hitchcock³

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Genus mainly associated with Anarcadiaceae (cf. Jolivet & Hawkeswood, 1995;Chaboo et al, 2007 [Pseudonisotra Bechyné, 1968] =Nisotra Baly, 1864 Psylliodes Berthold, 1827 References. Berthold, 1827: 401;Biondi, 1996: 257;Nadein, 2007: 317.…”

Section: Phygasia Chevrolat 1837mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genus-group names of Afrotropical flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae): Annotated catalogue and biogeographical notes

Biondi¹,

D’Alessandro²

2010

Eur. J. Entomol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper consists of an up to date annotated catalogue of the Afrotropical genera of Alticinae (Chrysomelidae), with biogeographical notes on the flea beetle fauna occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. The following new synonymies are proposed: Eugonotes Jacoby, 1897 (a subgenus of Sanckia Duvivier, 1891) = Brancucciella Medvedev, 1995 syn. n.; Amphimela Chapuis, 1875 = Dibolosoma Jacoby, 1897 syn. n.; Amphimela Chapuis, 1875 = Halticova Fairmaire, 1898 syn. n.; Podagrica Chevrolat, 1837 = Podagrixena Bechyné, 1968 syn. n.; Aphthona Chevrolat, 1837 = Pseudeugonotes Jacoby, 1899 syn. n.; Nisotra Baly, 1864 = Pseudonisotra Bechyné, 1968 syn. n. The following new combinations are proposed: Afrorestia sjostedti (Weise, 1910) comb. n. (from Crepidodera); Bechuana natalensis (Jacoby, 1906) comb. n. (from Ochrosis); Sesquiphaera natalensis (Jacoby, 1906) comb. n. (from Sphaeroderma). The genus Hildenbrandtina Weise, 1910 is trasferred from Galerucinae to Alticinae. New distributional data for many genera in the Afrotropical region is provided. 401genera transferred to Galerucinae or to genus-group names that are unavailable.In addition to author and date of publication, each genusgroup name is accompanied by: (a) synonymies, exclusively those for the Afrotropical region; (b) bibliographic references, including the original description and other important taxonomical contributions; (c) type species, including the method of species assignment; (d) geographic distribution in the Afrotropical region (cf. Graf & Cummings, 2007) and other zoogeographical regions (cf. Sclater, 1858); (e) ecological remarks, mainly host-plants and/or habitat preferences; (f) notes, including the number of Afrotropical species and important taxonomical news.The type material examined for this study is preserved in the following institutions: BAQ -collection of the author, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, University of L'Aquila, Italy; BMNH -The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;

show abstract

“…However, this strategy can be advantageous, as it does not require additional costs for producing the structure (Olmstead, 1994;Weiss, 2006). Leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), namely members of the five subfamilies Cassidinae, Criocerinae, Cryptocephalinae, Galerucinae and Lamprossomatinae, exhibit a diverse array of morphological and behavioural traits for defence (Olmstead, 1994;Jolivet & Verma, 2002;Chaboo et al, 2007;Chaboo, 2011). Leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), namely members of the five subfamilies Cassidinae, Criocerinae, Cryptocephalinae, Galerucinae and Lamprossomatinae, exhibit a diverse array of morphological and behavioural traits for defence (Olmstead, 1994;Jolivet & Verma, 2002;Chaboo et al, 2007;Chaboo, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometric growth and adaptive value of exaggerated body parts in the larvae of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Ramos

Boligon

Moreira

2019

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Larvae of tortoise beetles present exaggerated body parts in association with an abdominal shield, which is made of faeces and exuviae that are deposited on the urogomphi throughout ontogeny. Growth trajectories and scaling relationships of these functional structures associated with the shield, if any, are unknown.2. This study of Gratiana spadicea first tested, under field conditions, whether there is adaptive value associated with the shield regarding protection against predation and sunlight. Then, under laboratory conditions, the growth trajectory and allometric relationships among body parts were investigated, including scoli, individual and apparent furcae, and shield. The influence of food deprivation on the development of these structures was also determined.3. Findings from previous studies were confirmed, suggesting that the adaptive value assigned to the shield is related to protection against predators. The present study demonstrated for the first time that the shield acts as a parasol in cassidines, decreasing the exposure of their larval body to sunlight. The scoli and apparent furca are exaggerated structures of G. spadicea, the development of which involves allometric growth and greater energetic investment (positive allometry) during ontogeny. There was proportionally less energetic investment for somatic construction of individual furca (negative allometry) due to the accumulation of the exuviae.4. The possible consequences, in terms of developmental costs and survivorship benefits associated with the evolution of such exaggerated structures, are discussed.

show abstract

Fecal Ecology in Leaf Beetles: Novel Records in the African Arrow-Poison Beetles, DiamphidiaGerstaecker and PolycladaChevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae)

Genus-group names of Afrotropical flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae): Annotated catalogue and biogeographical notes

Allometric growth and adaptive value of exaggerated body parts in the larvae of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About