Fecal Components Modulate Human Astrovirus Infectivity in Cells and Reconstituted Intestinal Tissues

Pérez-Rodríguez, Francisco-Javier; Vieille, Gaël; Turin, Lara; Yildiz, Soner; Tapparel, Caroline; Kaiser, Laurent

doi:10.1128/msphere.00568-19

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan also enhance thermostability of Reoviruses, which in turn promotes infection of host cells following environmental stress (Berger et al, 2017). Similar virion stability and infectivity enhancement has also been observed with human Astroviruses (Perez-Rodriguez et al, 2019). This suggests that interactions between viral pathogens and the bacterial communities are likely operative at distinct host niches including the respiratory tract in addition to the better characterized synergies operative for enteric pathogens.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Respiratory bacteria stabilize and promote airborne transmission of influenza A virus

Rowe

Livingston

Margolis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract where the virus co-exists and interacts with bacterial populations comprising the respiratory microbiome. Synergies between IAV and respiratory bacterial pathogens promote enhanced inflammation and disease burden that exacerbate morbidity and mortality. We demonstrate that direct interactions between IAV and encapsulated bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract promote environmental stability and infectivity of IAV. Antibiotic-mediated depletion of the respiratory bacterial flora abrogated IAV transmission in ferret models, indicating that these viral-bacterial interactions are operative for airborne transmission of IAV. Restoring IAV airborne transmission in antibiotic treated ferrets by co-infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae confirmed a role for specific members of the bacterial respiratory community in promoting IAV transmission. These results implicate a role for the bacterial respiratory flora in promoting airborne transmission of IAV.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Respiratory bacteria stabilize and promote airborne transmission of influenza A virus

Rowe

Livingston

Margolis

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan also enhance thermostability of reoviruses, which in turn promotes infection of host cells following environmental stress (17). Similar results with respect to virion stability and infectivity enhancement have also been observed with human astroviruses (22). This suggests that interactions between viral pathogens and the bacterial communities are likely operative at distinct host niches, including the respiratory tract, in addition to the better-characterized synergies operative for enteric pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus

et al. 2020

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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract, where the virus coexists and interacts with bacterial populations comprising the respiratory tract microbiome. Synergies between IAV and respiratory bacterial pathogens promote enhanced inflammation and disease burden that exacerbate morbidity and mortality. We demonstrate that direct interactions between IAV and encapsulated bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract promote environmental stability and infectivity of IAV. Antibiotic-mediated depletion of the respiratory bacterial flora abrogated IAV transmission in ferret models, indicating that these virus-bacterium interactions are operative for airborne transmission of IAV. Restoring IAV airborne transmission in antibiotic-treated ferrets by coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae confirmed a role for specific members of the bacterial respiratory community in promoting IAV transmission. These results implicate a role for the bacterial respiratory flora in promoting airborne transmission of IAV. IMPORTANCE Infection with influenza A virus (IAV), especially when complicated with a secondary bacterial infection, is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Gaining a greater understanding of the transmission dynamics of IAV is important during seasonal IAV epidemics and in the event of a pandemic. Direct bacterium-virus interactions are a recently appreciated aspect of infectious disease biology. Direct interactions between IAV and specific bacterial species of the human upper respiratory tract were found to promote the stability and infectivity of IAV during desiccation stress. Viral environmental stability is an important aspect during transmission, suggesting a potential role for bacterial respiratory communities in IAV transmission. Airborne transmission of IAV was abrogated upon depletion of nasal bacterial flora with topical antibiotics. This defect could be functionally complemented by S. pneumoniae coinfection. These data suggest that bacterial coinfection may be an underappreciated aspect of IAV transmission dynamics.

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“…As a loss in molecular detection was only observed at 35°C on day 7 and 14, these findings suggest a potential role of stool microbiota in the stability of astrovirus nucleic acid. For example, an inverse correlation between the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Blautia in stool samples and the effect of that sample on human astrovirus viability has previously been observed (12). It would be of interest to further investigate whether decreased astrovirus stability at elevated temperatures can be replicated in other stool specimens and if stability is associated with certain bacterial populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Few published studies have evaluated the effect of time and temperature on the molecular detection of viral enteropathogens in clinical specimens; however, a study quantifying loss of norovirus RNA RT-PCR positivity in clinical stool samples did not observe a significant change in molecular detection over 7 years of storage at refrigeration temperatures (10). Although environmental factors outside of the host can negatively impact the integrity of viral nucleic acids, the clinical matrix (stool or vomit) by which the virus is shed has shown to be protective (11,12). When we assessed stability of clinical stool specimens stored in FecalSwab samples for molecular detection, we observed that viral targets remain relatively stable across the tested temperature range up until the final time point (day 14) with the exception of human astrovirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the FecalSwab for Stool Specimen Storage and Molecular Detection of Enteropathogens on the BD Max System

et al. 2020

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The FecalSwab™ system (Copan Italia, Brescia, Italy) is a convenient alternative to bulk stool for the diagnosis of enteric pathogens. Although U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for transport and culture of enteric bacterial pathogens, the FecalSwab™ has not been well assessed for its suitability with molecular platforms. In this study, we evaluated the FecalSwab™ as a specimen type for the BD MAX™ System using the viral and bacterial enteric panels (BD Diagnostics, Baltimore, USA). One-hundred eighty-six unpreserved stool specimens were collected and used to prepare matched bulk stool and FecalSwab™ samples. Performance was equivalent (P >0.48) to bulk stool for all targets when 50 μl of FecalSwab™ specimen was loaded onto the BD MAX™ assays. As stool specimens are often collected off-site from the clinical microbiology laboratory and require transport, we assessed the stability of stool specimens stored for up to 14 days at 40C, 220C, or 350C to account for varying transportation conditions. Molecular detection for the majority of viral targets (excluding astrovirus) was unaffected (ΔCT ≤1) by sample storage temperature over the two-week period; however, detection of enteric bacteria was variable if specimens were not refrigerated (220C or 350C). By demonstrating equivalent performance to matched bulk stool and maintaining molecular detection sensitivity when stored at 4°C, we suggest that the FecalSwab™ is a suitable specimen type for enteropathogen diagnostics on the BD MAX™ System.

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Fecal Components Modulate Human Astrovirus Infectivity in Cells and Reconstituted Intestinal Tissues

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Respiratory bacteria stabilize and promote airborne transmission of influenza A virus

Respiratory bacteria stabilize and promote airborne transmission of influenza A virus

Respiratory Bacteria Stabilize and Promote Airborne Transmission of Influenza A Virus

Evaluation of the FecalSwab for Stool Specimen Storage and Molecular Detection of Enteropathogens on the BD Max System

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