Fecal Bacterial Community and Metagenome Function in Asians with Type 2 Diabetes, According to Enterotypes

Abstract

The role of gut microbes has been suggested in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. However, their results remain controversial. We hypothesized that Asians with T2DM had different fecal bacterial compositions, co-abundance networks, and metagenome functions compared to healthy individuals, according to enterotypes. This hypothesis was examined using the combined gut microbiota data from human fecal samples from previous studies. The human fecal bacterial FASTA/Q files from 36 different T2DM studies in Asians were combined (healthy, n = 3378; T2DM, n = 551), and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and their counts were obtained using qiime2 tools. In the machine learning approaches, fecal bacteria rich in T2DM were found. They were separated into two enterotypes, Lachnospiraceae (ET-L) and Prevotellaceae (ET-P). The Shannon and Chao1 indices, representing α-diversity, were significantly lower in the T2DM group compared to the healthy group in ET-L (p < 0.05) but not in ET-P. In the Shapley additive explanations analysis of ET-L, Escherichia fergusonii, Collinsella aerofaciens, Streptococcus vestibularis, and Bifidobacterium longum were higher (p < 0.001), while Phocaeicola vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were lower in the T2DM group than in the healthy group (p < 0.00005). In ET-P, Escherichia fergusonii, Megasphaera elsdenii, and Oscillibacter valericigenes were higher, and Bacteroides koreensis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were lower in the T2DM group than in the healthy group. In ET-L and ET-P, bacteria in the healthy and T2DM groups positively interacted with each other within each group (p < 0.0001) but negatively interacted between the T2DM and healthy groups in the network analysis (p < 0.0001). In the metagenome functions of the fecal bacteria, the gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism pathways were higher, whereas insulin signaling and adenosine 5′ monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways were lower in the T2DM group than in the healthy group for both enterotypes (p < 0.00005). In conclusion, Asians with T2DM exhibited gut dysbiosis, potentially linked to intestinal permeability and the enteric vagus nervous system.

Differences in gut microbiota between Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese: potential implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Erysieplotrichaceae UCG-003 has previously been positively associated with insulin resistance and obesity 98 , 99 . Erysieplotrichaceae UCG-003 has also been proposed as a marker of healthy aging 100 . This taxon may be negatively correlated with others in the Dutch network because there is competition for a mutual resource.…”

Disrupted Ecology andH. parainfluenzaeDistinguish the Gut Microbiota of an Ethnic Minority Predisposed to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…So, the metabolically beneficial role of this bacterium is likely a reproducible and accurate finding. Oscillibacter, ranked sixth in the Dutch and ninth in the SAS network, has been shown to be positively associated with T2DM [103,104]. Bifidobacterium , which has been reported to be protective against T2DM [14,23], had more positive relationships with other bacteria in the SAS group, but was unranked in both networks.…”

Microbial Dysbiosis Linked to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Asians: Prevotella copri Promotes Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Network Instability in the Prevotella Enterotype

“…Asians have a relatively higher proportion of ET-P than Caucasians. Interestingly, although individuals do not strictly fall into ET-P, they have approximately 10-20% Prevotella copri (P. copri) of gut microbiota, possibly linked to specific dietary practices [7,8]. P. copri plays a distinctive role in carbohydrate metabolism and is known for efficient carbohydrate digestion, including sugar and fiber, and the high production of propionic acid, one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) [9].…”