Febre amarela: reflexões sobre a doença, as perspectivas para o século XXI e o risco da reurbanização

Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa

doi:10.1590/s1415-790x2002000300004

Cited by 43 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Immunoenzymatic assays for arbovirus studies were introduced in Brazil in 1984 for the diagnosis of human Rocio virus infections in sera collected in 1975 and 1976 from patients with clinical encephalitis 14,15 , and later for the diagnosis of yellow fever virus infection 6,24,25 .…”

Section: Standardization Of Immunoenzymatic Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, São Paulo, Brazil

Lima

Romano-Lieber

Duarte

2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYYellow fever (YF) is an acute viral infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes which occurs in two distinct epidemiological cycles: sylvatic and urban. In the sylvatic cycle, the virus is maintained by monkey's infection and transovarian transmission in vectors. Surveillance of non-human primates is required for the detection of viral circulation during epizootics, and for the identification of unaffected or transition areas. An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was standardized for estimation of the prevalence of IgG antibodies against yellow fever virus in monkey sera (Alouatta caraya) from the reservoir area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 570 monkey sera samples were tested and none was reactive to antibodies against yellow fever virus. The results corroborate the epidemiology of yellow fever in the area. Even though it is considered a transition area, there were no reports to date of epizootics or yellow fever outbreaks in humans. Also, entomological investigations did not detect the presence of vectors of this arbovirus infection. ELISA proved to be fast, sensitive, an adequate assay, and an instrument for active search in the epidemiological surveillance of yellow fever allowing the implementation of prevention actions, even before the occurrence of epizootics.

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Section: Standardization Of Immunoenzymatic Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infected humans experiencing the viremic phase of the illness act as amplifiers. After the virus penetrates an urban environment, those infected will develop viremia and can manifest the disease and be a source of infection for new mosquitoes 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, São Paulo, Brazil

Lima

Romano-Lieber

Duarte

2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Its preferred breeding sites include arti icial containers that allow rainwater to accumulate, particularly in areas of high human population density (Mazine et al 1996). In Brazil, A. aegypti acted as the vector of urban yellow fever in recent decades, and has also been responsible for dengue fever epidemics (Vasconcelos 2002, Braga 2007. Various researchers have reported inding immatures of this species in bromeliads used for urban ornamentation, leading public health authorities to discourage maintenance of these plants in residential areas (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does native bromeliads represent important breeding sites for Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in urbanized areas?

Santos¹,

Leite²,

Falqueto³

2011

Neotrop. entomol.

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This study evaluates the importance of native bromeliads growing on rocky outcrops interspersed with urbanized areas as breeding sites for the Aedes aegypti (L.) in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Oviposition traps were installed in backyards of houses in two separate zones. In the irst zone houses were up to 50 m away from the rocky outcrops, while in the second zone they were at least at 200 m from the rocky outcrops. Aedes aegypti was signi icantly more abundant in the latter zone. The inding was that rocky outcrops with native bromeliads, even with the greater availability of potential breeding sites, do not play an important role as breeding sites for A. aegypti. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that the macrobiota of native bromeliads plays an important role in the natural control of A. aegypti. Besides, the interspeci ic competition between species of mosquitoes and the attractiveness of bromeliads could also be important factors. Introducti onThe African mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) became adapted to arti icial breeding habitats, accompanying human migrations throughout the tropics and subtropics (Barrett & Higgs 2007). Its preferred breeding sites include arti icial containers that allow rainwater to accumulate, particularly in areas of high human population density (Mazine et al 1996). In Brazil, A. aegypti acted as the vector of urban yellow fever in recent decades, and has also been responsible for dengue fever epidemics (Vasconcelos 2002, Braga 2007. Various researchers have reported inding immatures of this species in bromeliads used for urban ornamentation, leading public health authorities to discourage maintenance of these plants in residential areas (e.g. Forattini & Marques 2000, Cunha et al 2002. Aedes aegypti were also reported in native bromeliads growing on rocky outcrops interspersed with urbanized areas in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil (Varejão et al 2005). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate whether native bromeliads in their natural habitat represent important breeding sites for A. aegypti. Bromeliads and the human-produced breeding sites in residences close to rocky outcrops would be readily available and more exposed to infestation by A. aegypti than those situated at greater distances from these rocky outcrops, if bromeliads prove to be playing an important role as breeding sites for this species. Material and MethodsThe study was carried out in the Vitória neighborhoods of Santa Lúcia and Bela Vista (Fig 1), where A. aegypti had already been reported breeding in native bromeliads Billbergia amoena, Billbergia tweedieana, and Vriesea extensa (Varejão et al 2005). The climate of the region is de ined by the Köppen-Geiger classi ication as tropical monsoon (Peel et al 2007), with a mean annual temperature of 25ºC and an annual precipitation of 1100 . Five surveys were conducted between 2007 and 2008, when ovitraps were simultaneously installed in the selected houses every three months. These traps remained exposed for ive da...

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“…In Goiás, a State in the Central-West region, cases of wild-type yellow fever disease have been detected since 1935 1 , and in the 70´s this was the State of Brazil with the highest incidence of this disease 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study area corresponded to 76,558km 2 and a population of 471,133 inhabitants. At that time, we investigated 812 individuals with family members in which the disease was suspected or confirmed and identified 295 (36.3%) cases of the disease, most of them 130 (44.1%) cases, classified as mild disease (fever without jaundice, bleeding or renal failure).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic assessment of yellow fever immunity in the rural population of a yellow fever-endemic area in Central Brazil

Machado

Vasconcelos

Silva

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The yellow fever epidemic that occurred in 1972/73 in Central Brazil surprised the majority of the population unprotected. A clinical-epidemiological survey conducted at that time in the rural area of 19 municipalities found that the highest (13.8%) number of disease cases were present in the municipality of Luziânia, State of Goiás. Methods: Thirty-eight years later, a new seroepidemiological survey was conducted with the aim of assessing the degree of immune protection of the rural population of Luziânia, following the continuous attempts of public health services to obtain vaccination coverage in the region. A total of 383 volunteers, aged between 5 and 89 years and with predominant rural labor activities (75.5%), were interviewed. The presence of antibodies against the yellow fever was also investigated in these individuals, by using plaque reduction neutralization test, and correlated to information regarding residency, occupation, epidemiological data and immunity against the yellow fever virus. Results: We found a high (97.6%) frequency of protective titers (>1:10) of neutralizing antibodies against the yellow fever virus; the frequency of titers of 1:640 or higher was 23.2%, indicating wide immune protection against the disease in the study population. The presence of protective immunity was correlated to increasing age. Conclusions: This study reinforces the importance of surveys to address the immune state of a population at risk for yellow fever infection and to the surveillance of actions to control the disease in endemic areas.

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Febre amarela: reflexões sobre a doença, as perspectivas para o século XXI e o risco da reurbanização

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, São Paulo, Brazil

Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, São Paulo, Brazil

Does native bromeliads represent important breeding sites for Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in urbanized areas?

Serologic assessment of yellow fever immunity in the rural population of a yellow fever-endemic area in Central Brazil

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