Features of the status-role structure of the risk of school bullying among adolescents

Abstract

Introduction. The problem of bullying, according to UNESCO, has an international status: every third student around the world has experienced various forms of bullying from his classmates; “Victims” of bullying were three times more likely than their peers to feel like “outsiders,” twice as likely to miss school and have suicidal thoughts. Bullying as a socio-psychological phenomenon has become widespread in the last ten years in educational organizations of the Russian Federation. More often the victims of bullying are children with special physical and mental development. A bibliometric review of publications on the problem of the risk of school bullying among children with disabilities indicated their appearance in 2011 in the absence of studies characterizing the status-role structure of this phenomenon. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study the characteristics of the status-role structure of the risk of school bullying among adolescents. Materials and methods. Adolescents (N=163 students of conditionally healthy and N=86 students with disabilities) aged 14 to 16 from educational institutions of Kursk and the Voronezh region took part in the study voluntarily. We used standardized methods for diagnosing the risk of bullying, socio-situational anxiety, self-esteem and personal qualities, as well as mathematical and statistical methods of data processing: descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Results and discussion. There is a risk of school bullying in organizations. In collectives, there is low stability of boundaries, compliance with the rules of behavior by adolescents and mutual respect as a group norm, low ability to accept differences, role uncertainty and status conflicts. The majority of students are combined into such sociometric groups as "high-status" (conditionally healthy adolescents: 27%, N=44; adolescents with disabilities: 21%, N=18), "average" (conditionally healthy adolescents: 26%, N =43; adolescents with disabilities: 35%, N=30) and "neglected". The average level of maladjustment and mental stability, sensitivity, low self-esteem, increased anxiety level of adolescents provide the status of a victim. Based on the results of an empirical study, a scheme was developed for the distribution and transformation of the status-role positions of adolescents in a situation of risk of school bullying, determined by their individual personality characteristics and acting as targets for corrective and preventive work.