Features of the Polar Air Outbreak and the Energy Balance in the Transformed Air-Mass Observed over the Japan Sea

Ninomiya, K.

doi:10.2151/jmsj.84.529

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…R (Fig. 10d) at the tip of the cold tongue and this is consistent with the case analysis of the cold-air outbreak around this area by Ninomiya (2006). In contrast, the vertical velocity in Exp.…”

Section: Vertical Structures Of Meteorological Elementssupporting

confidence: 87%

Cloud-resolving simulation of heavy snowfalls in Japan for late December 2005: application of ocean data assimilation to a snow disaster

Yamamoto

Ohigashi

Tsuboki

et al. 2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We applied eddy-resolving ocean data assimilation to a cloud-resolving atmospheric simulation of a snow disaster and investigated the effects of mesoscale eddies on a heavy snowfall event in late December 2005. Ocean circulation model (OCM) data assimilation reproduces mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) structures, which are smoothed out by optimum interpolation. This difference between OCM-assimilation and optimuminterpolation SSTs affects the atmospheric boundary layers over oceanic mesoscale eddies. The atmospheric response to the SST difference is complex at the cold tongue in the central Sea of Japan. Although the horizontal wind and turbulent mixing are quickly and locally affected by the low SST, the atmospheric temperature and water amounts are greatly affected by the upstream high SST via the northwesterly advection. In the heavy snowfall areas, the OCM assimilation greatly affects 10-day accumulated precipitation, though it does not largely influence 10-day mean vertical structures of wind, temperature and water vapor. Thus, we should recognize the significance of oceanic mesoscale eddies for heavy snowfall.

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Section: Vertical Structures Of Meteorological Elementssupporting

confidence: 87%

Cloud-resolving simulation of heavy snowfalls in Japan for late December 2005: application of ocean data assimilation to a snow disaster

Yamamoto

Ohigashi

Tsuboki

et al. 2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Upward sensible heat flux is also significant in winter, especially over the marginal seas off the Asian continent. The heat flux is enhanced by episodic outbreaks of cold, dry air of continental origin (Xue et al 1995;Ninomiya 2006). The presence of oceanic fronts yields tight cross-frontal gradients in the sensible and latent heat fluxes ( Fig.…”

Section: Surface Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio–Oyashio Systems in Large-Scale Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction: A Review

Alexander²,

et al. 2010

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Ocean-atmosphere interaction over the Northern Hemisphere western boundary current (WBC) regions (i.e., the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, Oyashio, and their extensions) is reviewed with an emphasis on their role in basin-scale climate variability. SST anomalies exhibit considerable variance on interannual to decadal time scales in these regions. Low-frequency SST variability is primarily driven by basin-scale wind stress curl variability via the oceanic Rossby wave adjustment of the gyre-scale circulation that modulates the latitude and strength of the WBC-related oceanic fronts. Rectification of the variability by mesoscale eddies, reemergence of the anomalies from the preceding winter, and tropical remote forcing also play important roles in driving and maintaining the low-frequency variability in these regions. In the Gulf Stream region, interaction with the deep western boundary current also likely influences the low-frequency variability. Surface heat fluxes damp the low-frequency SST anomalies over the WBC regions; thus, heat fluxes originate with heat anomalies in the ocean and have the potential to drive the overlying atmospheric circulation. While recent observational studies demonstrate a local atmospheric boundary layer response to WBC changes, the latter's influence on the large-scale atmospheric circulation is still unclear. Nevertheless, heat and moisture fluxes from the WBCs into the atmosphere influence the mean state of the atmospheric circulation, including anchoring the latitude of the storm tracks to the WBCs. Furthermore, many climate models suggest that the large-scale atmospheric response to SST anomalies driven by ocean dynamics in WBC regions can be important in generating decadal climate variability. As a step toward bridging climate model results and observations, the degree of realism of the WBC in current climate model simulations is assessed. Finally, outstanding issues concerning oceanatmosphere interaction in WBC regions and its impact on climate variability are discussed.

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“…In this study, we discuss Q, as a thermodynamic measure of the airmass transformation, without evaluating H, lE and Q R separately. Ninomiya (2006) shows in the analysis for 1977B, that H is predominantly larger than lE and Q R . Table 2 shows p Ã t , y e at p Ã ¼ 100 hPa, total apparent heat energy source Q over the Sarea, and snowfall depth over the coastal area, averaged for each sub-period.…”

Section: The Synoptic-scale Variationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In that case, Q is mainly balanced by the strong horizontal cold and dry advection within the mixed layer, as shown in Fig. 11 of Ninomiya (2006).…”

Section: The Synoptic-scale Variationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Synoptic-Scale Variations in the Polar Air-Mass Transformed over the Japan Sea

Ninomiya

2007

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The present report studies synoptic-scale variations of the polar air-mass transformed over the Japan Sea, during the ''East Japan Sea Observation'' in the winters of 1976 and 1977. Rawinsonde observation data at a research vessel are used, in addition to data at operational upper observation stations and the objective analysis data.The multi-layer structure of the transformed air-mass, including the unstable lowest layer and the mixed layer capped by the stable layer, is formed in the transformed airmass over the Japan Sea. The mixed layer, which includes the sub-cloud layer and the cloud layer, is characterized by nearly vertically-uniform equivalent potential temperature. The height of the mixed layer top is 1000-1500 m, on the average, over the Japan Sea. The height increases toward the south, and reaches 2000-2500 m over the coastal area of Japan.The height of the mixed layer top, and the apparent total heat source in the transformed air-mass, vary widely in association with the synoptic-scale changes of polar-air outbreak. The height of the mixed layer top tends to increase in association with the increase of the apparent total heat source in the mixed layer, and the decrease of the vertical stability in the lower-middle troposphere. The snowfall depth over the coastal area of Japan tends to increase in association with the increase of the apparent total heat source over the Japan Sea. The important synoptic conditions for the occurrence of the heavy snowfalls are the intense polar-air outbreak, and/or the passage of the cold vortex or the deep cold trough over the Japan Sea.

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Features of the Polar Air Outbreak and the Energy Balance in the Transformed Air-Mass Observed over the Japan Sea

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Cloud-resolving simulation of heavy snowfalls in Japan for late December 2005: application of ocean data assimilation to a snow disaster

Cloud-resolving simulation of heavy snowfalls in Japan for late December 2005: application of ocean data assimilation to a snow disaster

Role of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio–Oyashio Systems in Large-Scale Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction: A Review

Synoptic-Scale Variations in the Polar Air-Mass Transformed over the Japan Sea

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