Century in the Chr 孟 stian Spain . The characteristics ofthese texts are studied by ekamining their oommon aspects and then the peouharities of each document , which allow us to understand how they express the ad 面 ratiDn toward a building by referring to its masonry . On the other hand , apart 行 om the reconfirmed extraord 重 nariness of Asturian Chron孟 cles , it is a 童 so learned that the laconism of these texts vivid 監 y ref 聖 ect the social real 孟 ty 孟 n wh 三 ch thcro were no strong poweT st 【uctures exiting such as Umayyad Caliphate ofC6rdoba or CLuny.