Very few studies have explored the elastocaloric effect of elastomers other than natural rubber (NR). The aim of the present article is thus to evalute the elastocaloric properties of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in terms of microstructural characteristics and thermoelastic coupling. Calorimetric measurements showed two successive peaks at 240 K and 282 K, attributed to respectively the crystallization and melting of soft segments. X-ray diffraction indicated that TPU exhibited a fully reversible strain-induced crystallization (SIC) at room temperature. Thermomechanical experiments performed at different elongations revealed a minimum adiabatic temperature variation of about -8 K after retraction of a sample initially elongated at λ=5. This is comparable to NR performances. However, for cycles carried out between λ=1 and λ=5, tensile stress/elongation curves showed a non-elastic behavior of TPU.A pseudo-elastic response was obtained for cyclic elongation when unloading was incomplete, in our case when λ was between 3 and 5. The recorded peak-to-peak temperature variation decreased from 4.5 K to 3.3 K when the number of cycles was increased to 5000. Despite that the issue of fatigue resistance for TPU needs to be adressed, this work opens new perspectives for studying the elastocaloric properties of various polyurethanes (whether crosslinked or thermoplastic) as well as other materials with a tendency for strain-induced crystallization, such as polychloroprene, hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and others.