Features of Seismological Observations in the Arctic Seas

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the features of seismological observations in the Arctic seas, which are complicated by harsh climatic conditions, the presence of ice cover, stamukhi and icebergs, and limited navigation. Despite the high risk of losing expensive equipment, the deployment of local networks of bottom seismographs or stations installed on ice is still necessary for studying the seismotectonic characteristics and geodynamic processes of the region under consideration, the deep structure of the crust and upper mantle, seismic hazards, and other marine geohazards. Various types of seismic stations used for long-term and short-term deployments in the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean, as well as various schemes and workflows for their deployment/recovery, are described. The characteristics of seafloor seismic noise and their features are also considered. The results of deployments demonstrate that the characteristics of the stations make it possible to reliably record earthquake signals and seismic noise. Based on the experience gained, it was concluded that the preferred schemes for deploying ocean-bottom seismographs are those in which their subsequent recovery does not depend on their power resources. Usually, such schemes allow for the possibility of dismantling stations via trawling and are suitable for the shelf depths of the sea. The advantages of such schemes include the possibility of installing additional hydrophysical and hydrobiological equipment. When using pop-up ocean-bottom seismographs, special attention should be paid to the careful planning of the recovery because its success depends on the possibility of a passage to the deployment site, which is not always possible due to changing meteorological and ice conditions. Seismic records obtained on the seafloor are characterized by a high noise level, especially during periods of time when there is no ice cover. Therefore, it is recommended to install bottom stations for periods of time when ice cover is present. The frequency range of the prevailing noise significantly overlaps with the frequency range of earthquake signals that must be taken into account when processing bottom seismic records.

Arctic-Type Seismoacoustic Waveguide: Theoretical Foundations and Experimental Results

“…Sea ice seismoacoustics is a relatively new, rapidly developing scientific field that requires the use of most innovative and, at the same time, cost-effective measurement and data acquisition systems [15]. An autonomous geohydroacoustic ice buoy, a detailed description of which is presented in [14], is used to measure low-amplitude broadband fluctuations of the ice cover.…”

“…In addition, it should be noted that in recent decades, new technical solutions have been proposed that allow organizing long-term observations on ice fields in the Arctic. In this case, seismoacoustic data can be collected by autonomous drifting stations [14,15] without human participation and, subject to prompt processing, realize monitoring of changes in the characteristics of the Arctic waveguide. This can be used in the future to solve a practically important task-to estimate the seasonal and multiyear variability of sea ice thickness of freezing seas, including shelf zones.…”

Waveform Complexity and Positioning Analysis of Acoustic Emission Events during the Compression Failure Process of a Rock Burst Prone Sample

“…It is of great significance for many geotechnical engineers to be able to accurately identify and locate the fracture location and range in rock [1]. Early warning of failure through some precursory indicators is conducive to monitoring, early warning, and prevention of engineering disasters like rock bursts [2,3], roof falls [4,5], slope slips [6,7], structure reveals [8,9], and even earthquakes [10,11]. In the process of rock fracture, various energy releases will be generated [12], including thermal energy, kinetic energy, friction energy, stress wave energy, etc.…”