Features of pulse shape discrimination capability of organic heterogeneous scintillators

“…Single-crystal scintillators and oxide scintillators normally require high vacuum and high-temperature processing. Organic scintillators offer advantages such as ease of synthesis, low cost, and shorter decay times of approximately 1 ns [23,24]. However, complexities emerge due to their low density (around 1 g cm −3 ) and low effective atomic number (Z), leading to a drastically reduced detection efficiency for highenergy X-rays [25].…”

Section: Classification and Applications Of Perovskite Scintillator M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Quantum Dots: A New Generation of Promising Scintillator Materials

Li,

Sun,

Kearney

et al. 2024

Luminescence - Emerging New Applications [Working Title]

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Scintillator materials are essential parts of X-ray imaging/detection for medical diagnostics, non-destructive detection, security inspection, and space exploration. Traditional commercial scintillators are limited by low luminescence efficiency and afterglow effect. Perovskite (ABX3) quantum dots (PQDs), with the ability to convert X-ray radiation into multi-color visible light, has emerged as a new class of competitive scintillators, based on the advantages of high X-ray absorption coefficients, fast luminescence, high luminescence efficiency, and low-cost wet chemical facile synthesis on various substrates. Understanding the relationship between the structure and luminescence of PQDs is essential for scintillator discovery and optimization. This chapter first reviewed the work principle, materials selection, and key parameters of indirect X-ray detectors, followed by the basic crystal structure, optoelectronic properties, and synthesis methods for PQDs. Then the recent advances in perovskite scintillators are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, we summarize the current challenge in perovskite scintillators with promising solutions and provide a perspective on the future direction of this emerging scintillator.

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“…Generally, organic scintillators have the advantages of easy manufacturing, low cost, and short decay time (≈1 ns). [ 96,97 ] However, because their density (≈1 g cm −3 ) and effective Z are so small that they are very low for the detection efficiency toward high‐energy X‐ray inspection. [ 12,97,98 ] In addition, organic dyes are inherently easy to the effects of photo bleaching and oxygen quenching, which hinders their actual application in many fields.…”

Section: Scintillator Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

et al. 2020

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the coincidence efficiency. This indicates that the solid angle controlled by the PET system and the efficiency of the intrinsic detector are greater. [11,12] More significantly, the Compton events in the pulse height spectrum are mainly caused by scattering in the scintillator. Therefore, these deficiencies can be avoided by lowering the threshold. However, the signal provided by Compton scattering quanta in adjacent crystals may be higher than the threshold, and thus may affect the position resolution and make it worse. In X-ray computed tomography (CT), the body is mainly irradiated continuously from multiple directions by fan-shaped X-rays, while attenuation profiles are recorded, and finally reconstructed from the cross-sectional view of the body. [13] This technology mainly uses complex scanning methods in the field of clinical practice. At present, the realized way of X-rays detector can be roughly divided into two types, direct and indirect. The former one directly absorbs incident X-rays, generates electronic signals through semiconductors or engenders chemical signals through thin films. [14-17] This method can directly convert X-rays into visible light without going through other processes. Therefore, an X-ray detector with a wide linear response range, fast pulse rise time, high-energy resolution, and spatial resolution can be obtained, which makes it copiously applied in X-ray detection. [18-21] However, X-ray detectors based on semiconductors face the challenges of high cost and low efficiency. In addition, although the film is cheap, it is difficult to apply in digital form, which may limit its further development. The latter one refers to the conversion of X-rays (in the highenergy radiation, in addition to X-rays, α, β, and γ rays are also included) into ultraviolet visible (UV) light through scintillators which can be further captured by optical devices. [22-24] It consists of a scintillator and an array photodiode (PD). In contrast, since the scintillator that converts X-rays indirectly is cheap, it is easier to implement in the industry than direct detectors, and has the characteristics of low cost and abundant options, stability, and flexible conversion rate. [25,26] At present, indirect X-ray detectors are widely used in ordinary flat panel X-ray detectors. Moreover, it can be flexibly combined with commercially mature sensor arrays (e.g., amorphous silicon PDs, thin film transistor arrays, photomultiplier tubes, complementary metal oxide semiconductors, silicon avalanche PDs, and X-ray imaging charge-coupled devices [CCD]), therefore, they have attracted more attention. Scintillator is a unique class of luminescent materials, which is extensively used in many fields such as nondestructive testing, medical imaging, space probes, etc. Compared with the disadvantages of traditional scintillator materials which have high cost, are fragile, have long response time and low spatial resolution disadvantages, metal halide perovskites are considered to be the most potential scintillator materials in ...

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Features of pulse shape discrimination capability of organic heterogeneous scintillators

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Heterostructured Organic Scintillators With a High Pulse-Shape Discrimination Capability for Radioecology Problems

Heterostructured Organic Scintillators With a High Pulse-Shape Discrimination Capability for Radioecology Problems

Perovskite Quantum Dots: A New Generation of Promising Scintillator Materials

Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

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