Features of intestinal microbiota biodiversity in patients with inflammatory intestinal diseases and metabolic disorders (literature review)

Abstract

Relevance. Pathology of non-infectious genesis is currently playing a leading role in the structure of overall morbidity of the population. The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases increases all over the world. The severity of inflammatory bowel diseases complicates the presence of comorbid pathology, metabolic disorders, which lead to disability and the risk of premature death. Currently available diagnostic measures allow to detect disorders at the stage of clinical manifestations. There are several factors causing the development of pathological changes at the early stage including the peculiarities of intestinal microbiome formation and the predominance of certain microorganism clusters with the subsequent formation of a biotype, which may allow diagnosing the disease at a latent stage.Aim: To evaluate the role of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic disorders according to the data of national and foreign literature.Material and Methods. The review of literature on this topic was carried out based on the analysis of data obtained from the publications indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Academy, and eLibrary.ru databases over the past 10 years.Results. Data on the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of changes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic disorders (obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus) were revealed. New potential mechanisms for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified, and the features of the generic composition of the flora in patients with comorbid pathology were described.Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that further research is required to improve understanding of this pathology and to create the methods for correcting the gut microbiota in case of abnormal findings.