Features of Formation of Debt Financial Resources of the State in the Conditions of Globalization

Abstract

Features of solicitation of borrowed financial resources by the state are considered in the context of maintaining economic potential and ensuring financial capacity to be able to perform all the functions assigned to it under conditions of deepening economic crisis, the spread of the coronavirus epidemic and actions of quarantine restrictions in Ukraine and in the world. The dynamics of the size of the state budget deficit of Ukraine and volumes and structure of the general public debt, costs to service and repay the principal amount of debt are analyzed. It is marked, that outpacing growth of state budget expenditures comparatively with the amount of tax revenues, and, therefore, forced growth of government borrowing in the domestic and foreign financial markets, caused by the need to timely repay government obligations to creditors and financing current expenses in full. In the absence of established cooperation with international financial institutions the main mechanisms for soliciting financial resources were domestic government bonds and external government bonds. Mainly, domestic banks invest in government bonds; foreign and domestic private investors so far, unfortunately, are not interested in investing their savings in government securities, despite even a significant increase in their profitability (now the yield on government bonds exceeds the interest rate on deposit rates of banking institutions). Ensuring debt security and effective management of financial resources, available to the state, primarily borrowed, are identified as a priority in the implementation of financial policy of the state. Deepening of crisis phenomena in the domestic economic system forced the executive authorities urgently solicit additional financial resources, working with potential lenders often on unfavorable terms for Ukraine, however, the risks of losing financial and subsequent political independence, forced to reconsider the structure of sources of financing public expenditures, and to attract domestic investment in the development of the national economy. It was emphasized, that the effectiveness of investing borrowed financial resources are conditioned exclusively by their investment direction, financial incentives for the real sector of the economy and needs well-established mechanisms for regulating and stimulating the development of financial and stock markets.

Cryptocurrencies and Traditional Financial Instruments: A Comparative Analysis and Perspectives

“…As a result, additional assets (UNI, LINK, SUSHI, 1 Cryptocurrency transactions are anonymous. 2 Cryptocurrency transactions can be executed very quickly, especially when compared to banking transactions. 3 Cryptocurrencies provide security for transactions and exchange of digital assets without intermediaries.…”