Features of cobuvirus infection of farm animals

Mishchenko, Vladimir A.; Мищенко, А. И.; Yashin, Roman; Chernykh, Oleg Yu.; Lysenko, Aleksandr A.; Krivonos, R.

doi:10.33861/2071-8020-2021-5-3-6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Studies using a local strain called Ismailia, a live attenuated LSDV vaccine, have reported that all calves in the study were registered to have protective antibodies by both ELISA and serum neutralization test (SNT) at 30 weeks and were still registering protective antibodies at 40 weeks when investigated via the ELISA [38]. For the specific prevention of LSDV, a homologous live attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine from the Neethling virus strain is commonly used, and it induces long-lived immunity for 3 years [39]. Additionally, a heterologous LAV vaccine utilizing sheep pox virus has been shown to induce strong cross-immunity for 2 years [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Immunity in Cattle to Lumpy Skin Disease Utilizing a Sheep Pox Vaccine

Hakobyan,

Sargsyan,

Elbakyan

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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The transmission of lumpy skin disease (LSD) occurs through ticks, mosquitoes, and flies. The most effective way to combat LSD is to conduct large-scale vaccination, covering the entire cattle population with safe and effective vaccines, while introducing restrictions on the movement of livestock. The first and only LSD cases that occurred in Armenia happened in 2015,and they were controlled with the use of a once yearly heterologous sheep pox vaccine for cattle in high-risk areas. We have previously reported on the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine in cattle, but information on the duration of immunity is lacking. Our aim was to determine the duration of immunity to the LSD virus (LSDV) in cattle when utilizing a heterologous sheep pox vaccine. We have evaluated antibodies in cattle blood prior to and post-vaccination (1, 6, and 11 months). We have utilized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to follow the development and waning of LSDV antibodies in vaccinated cattle in two age groups: 1) young unvaccinated cattle ≤12 months of age and 2) adult cattle that had previously been vaccinated. Our results were consistent with our previous study in Armenia, showing a high level of population immunity, 80.0–83.3%, in both age groups at 1 month, with a significant (p = 0.001) drop for young cattle at 6 months. Previously vaccinated adult cattle showed a longer duration of immunity at 11 months for this heterologous sheep pox vaccine. Based on these data, we advise that young cattle receive an additional booster vaccination 4–6 months after their first vaccination, and then yearly vaccinations in high-risk areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Immunity in Cattle to Lumpy Skin Disease Utilizing a Sheep Pox Vaccine

Hakobyan,

Sargsyan,

Elbakyan

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Bovine nebovirus infection (review)

Mischenko,

Nikeshina

et al. 2023

Veterinariâ segodnâ

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Animal husbandry is one of the main agricultural industries in most countries over the world as well as in the Russian Federation, and its proﬁtability is determined by three main factors: the animal genetic potential, complete diet and freedom from infectious, invasive and mass non-infectious diseases. One of the most signiﬁcant and diﬃcult tasks is to generate and rear healthy young cattle. Digestive disorders clinically manifested by diarrhea resulting in apparent dehydration, toxemia, enophthalmos, membrane pathology, immunodeﬁciency and metabolic disorders are prevalent among neonatal calf diseases in early postnatal period. Massive diarrhea in neonatal calves is characterized by signiﬁcant polymorphism, involving a wide range of various factors including genetic, physiological, sanitary and hygienic as well as infectious factors. Infectious agents are the main causes of massive gastroenteritis in neonatal calves. In most cases viruses serve as triggers for gastrointestinal pathology development and bacteria play the secondary role. For a long time, rotaviruses, coronaviruses and pestiviruses have been believed to play the main role in etiology of massive neonatal calf diarrhea. In recent years, a number of new and understudied viruses, including kobuvirus, nebovirus, norovirus, torovirus and astrovirus, have been detected in fecal samples from diarrheic calves and their role in diarrhea development has not been deﬁnitively determined. Their role as primary pathogens, coinfection agents or commensals remains unclear. Recently these animal pathogens have widely spread in diﬀerent countries of the world. At the end of the XX century – beginning of the XXI century, large numbers of cattle were imported to the Russian Federation, including cattle from the nebovirus-infected countries. Data on nebovirus infection (occurrence, pathogen characteristics, disease clinical signs and epizootological features) are given in the paper.

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The problem of norovirus infection in animals (literature review)

Mischenko,

Nikeshina

et al. 2024

Veterinariâ segodnâ

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Livestock industry efficiency strongly depends on the livability of young animals, mainly during the early postnatal period. Infectious gastroenteritis of newborns manifested as diarrhea occupies the leading place among the diseases of young animals and brings the production and economic losses. The cause of numerous gastrointestinal disorders are physiological, hygienic, infectious and other factors. This pathology is reported in 50–80% of newborn calves, while 15–55% of diseased animals die. The investigations of the etiology of numerous diarrhea cases revealed rota-, corona-, parvo-, enteroviruses and bovine viral diarrhea virus in fecal samples from calves. Inactivated vaccines have been developed in the Russian Federation to prevent viral diarrhea in cattle. Despite their high antigenicity and field effectiveness, numerous cases of diarrhea in newborn calves have been reported in a number of large livestock farms. In fecal samples collected from diseased individuals, noroviruses along with the above-mentioned viruses were detected by electron microscopy. The noroviruses were detected in fecal samples from humans, cattle, pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, mice, as well as in pork and milk samples. The norovirus genome is prone to mutations, resulting in antigenic shifts and recombination, as well as the emergence and rapid spread of new epidemic and epizootic variants. Epidemiological features of norovirus infection include: prolonged shedding of the virus by the diseased animals and carriers, various transmission routes (fecal-oral, contact) and high contagiousness. In late 20th and early 21st century a large number of dairy and meat cattle were imported to the Russian Federation from various countries, including norovirus-infected countries. All this suggests the need to take noroviruses and other viruses (neboviruses, toroviruses, astroviruses, kobuviruses) into account when investigating the etiology of numerous diarrhea cases in newborn calves and necessitates the development of norovirus diagnostic tools and methods, as well as control measures.

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Features of cobuvirus infection of farm animals

Cited by 3 publications

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Duration of Immunity in Cattle to Lumpy Skin Disease Utilizing a Sheep Pox Vaccine

Duration of Immunity in Cattle to Lumpy Skin Disease Utilizing a Sheep Pox Vaccine

Bovine nebovirus infection (review)

The problem of norovirus infection in animals (literature review)

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