Features of Chromosome Introgression from Gossypium barbadense L. into G. hirsutum L. during the Development of Alien Substitution Lines

Abstract

The creation of G. barbadense L./G. hirsutum L. chromosome-substitution linesis an important method to transfer agronomically valuable traits from G. barbadense into G. hirsutum. In this study, 30 monosomic lines of G. hirsutum from the Cytogenetic Collection of Uzbekistan, created in the genotypic background of line L-458, were used in crosses with the G. barbadense line Pima 3-79 to create substitution lines. In the course of this work, new monosomic lines were identified for chromosome 12 and monotelodisome 6 of the Atsubgenome and for chromosomes 17, 21, and 22 of the Dtsubgenome using chromosome-specific SSR markers and a well-defined tester set of cotton translocation lines (USA). Compared to those in the F1 hybrids, a strong decrease in the crossing and setting rates was found in the BC1F1 backcross lines, with the substitution of chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 12 of the Atsubgenome and 17, 18, 21, and 22 of the Dtsubgenome. The F1 and BC1F1 offspring from interspecific crosses differed in their transmission of univalents. Despite the regular pairing of chromosomes and the high meiotic index, interspecific aneuploid hybrids were characterized by a decrease in pollen fertility, which may indicate hidden structural variability in these genomes that did not affect meiotic division. The identification of chromosomes using chromosome-specific SSR markers in the early stages of plant development has greatly accelerated the detection of monosomic plants. The analysis of morphobiological traits revealed that monosomic F1 hybrids were more similar to the donor line, while BC1F1 hybrids were more similar to the recurrent parent but also showed previously undetected traits.

Genetic Analysis of Mutagenesis That Induces the Photoperiod Insensitivity of Wild Cotton Gossypium hirsutum Subsp. purpurascens

“…The analysis of meiosis, at the stage of metaphase-I (MI) in pollen mother cells (PMC), as well as the analysis of tetrads, was conducted according to Sanamyan et al 2022 [36]. In the morning, 2-4 mm cotton buds were fixed in an alcohol-acetic mixture at a ratio of 3:7.…”

Exploring agro-morphological and fiber traits diversity in cotton (G. barbadense L.)

“…Cotton belongs to the Gossypieae tribe in the Malvaceae family, comprising about 53 species including 46 diploids (2n = 2x = 26) and 7 allotetraploids (2n = 4x = 52) [ 1 , 3 ]. The modern cotton cultivars are allotetraploid with 26 chromosomes ( n = 2x = 26), evolved through hybridization and domestication of A1-genome diploids Gossypium herbaceum ( n = x = 13) with indigenous D5-genome diploids G. raimondii , a new world cotton species [ 4 , 5 ] [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Crossing and Setting of Hybrid Seeds in the Creation of Chromosome-Substituted Cotton Lines g. Hirsutum l.

“…Obtaining forms with substituted chromosomes (CS -chromosome substitition) in various plants allows for directed introgression into the genome of the G. hirsutum L. species of specific chromosomes or arms of individual chromosomes, which are a valuable source of new gene alleles. Previously, such lines were created in a number of crops, which made it possible to improve some agronomic traits [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…We use the identified monosomic lines as a tool for foreign introgression into the genome of the species G. hirsutum L. of specific chromosomes or chromosome segments from the species G. barbadense L. Such studies required the application of the principles of molecular deletion analysis using chromosome-specific microsatellite markers (SSR), previously assigned to specific cotton chromosomes, when the absence of amplification products of all SSR loci localized on a certain chromosome of the G. hirsutum species and the presence of markers of the homeologous chromosome of the G. barbadense species indicated the replacement of the corresponding chromosome of the first species. The development and application by us of a new scheme for creating chromosomes of substituted cotton lines using both cytogenetic and molecular markers [4] allowed us to start creating new cotton lines with foreign replacement of specific chromosomes. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the crossability and setting of F1 hybrid seeds and F1BC1 and F1BC2 backcross seeds obtained from crossings of identified monosomic lines (with a lack of chromosome 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 17, 18, 21, 22) and monotelodisome lines (with a lack of the arm of chromosomes 6 and 11) of the Cytogenetic collection of the G.hirsutum L. species with the Pima 3-79 line of the G.barbadense L. species and with interspecific aneuploid hybrids, according to the corresponding chromosomes.…”