Features associated with underlying HIV infection in severe acute childhood malnutrition: a cross sectional study

Bunn, James; Thindwa, Miriam; Kerac, Marko

doi:10.4314/mmj.v21i3.45645

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The findings were also moderately comparable to 48.6% by Prazuck et al from Zimbabwe [21], and 43% from Malawi [11]. It was however higher than 29.2% reported by Fergusson and Tomkins [7] in a meta-analysis of 17 large studies in sub-Saharan Africa, and much higher than 1.9% previously reported by Akenami et al [22], from Nigeria in 1997.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Aa¹,

Okechukwu²,

Chiaha³

2015

J HIV Clin Sci Res

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus pandemic has adversely affected the nutritional status of many children in the sub region, an area where malnutrition is also endemic. The study was aimed at assessing the burden of HIV infection among under five with severe acute malnutrition, determine its common forms, the outcomes and associated co-morbidities. Method:A three year prospective study (April 2011 to March 2014) of children aged 6 weeks to 5 years with diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition was carried out in our health institution for the above objectives. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16.0 software and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Result:Of the 286 severely malnourished children studied, 142(49.2%) males, and 144 (50.3%) females, HIV sero-prevalence was 199 (69.6%, 95% CI = 63.5-76.3%) and highest in the first year of life 85(42.7%). Though uptake of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling was 100%, 95.3% of positive children came in WHO stage 3 and 4 diseases. Persistent diarrhoea 58(29.1%), bronchopneumonia 53(26.6%), septicaemia 49(24.6%), pulmonary tuberculosis 39(19.6%), and oral candidiasis 35(17.6) were the common associated co-morbidities, with vesico-vaginal fistula 4 (2) being the least co-infection. Marasmus 161 (80.9%) was the major form of severe acute malnutrition in positive children, mortality was significantly higher in positive than in negative children (22.6.4% vs. 9.2%; P<0.001), however no difference was seen in those that left against medical advice (13.6% versus 11.5, p value <0.724 among the two groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Aa¹,

Okechukwu²,

Chiaha³

2015

J HIV Clin Sci Res

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“…En México la desnutrición es la causa más frecuente de inmunodeficiencia y se la considera un factor de riesgo de muerte infantil (24). Asimismo, se ha hallado que la desnutrición incrementa 4,5 veces el riesgo de colonización bucal por Candida (25)(26)(27)(28)(29), una aseveración que coincide con los resultados del presente estudio, en el cual se observó que los niños desnutridos tienen un riesgo más alto (RM 5,3) de colonización por estas especies.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Candida bucal en niños mexicanos con VIH/sida, desnutrición o marginación social

Gaitán-Cepeda

Sánchez-Vargas²,

Pavía-Ruz³

et al. 2012

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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“…WHO guidelines for the management of severe malnutrition in high HIV prevalence settings need modification. It should include routine HIV and TB testing and offer guidance on the criteria and timing of TB treatment and highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation [13,14]. HIV could neither be diagnosed, nor excluded clinically in severe malnutrion.…”

Section: Contact To Tuberculosis Malnutrition History Of Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile of tuberculosis in children up to 5 years of age

Verma¹,

Ahirwal

Patel³

et al. 2014

Int J Pediatr Res

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Introduction: Tuberculosis as a disease is of great public health problem in developing countries like India. Children contribute a significant proportion of disease burden and suffer from severe form of disease, but because of difficulty in establishing an accurate diagnosis, data of disease burden in pediatric population is lacking. This study is an attempt to assess clinical profile of tuberculosis in children upto 5 years of age. Method: present study was conducted at Kamla Raja Hospital & Gajra Raja Medical College Gwalior over a period of six months. 77 cases up to 5 years of age were selected from inpatient department, who were diagnosed to have tuberculosis. A detailed history of epidemiological factors including past history of infectious disease, history of contact contributing to disease state was recorded on predesigned Performa. Complete clinical examination and laboratory investigation was done to confirm the diagnosis. Result: approximately 70 % of study group was distributed in 2-5 years of age group. Cases of CNS tuberculosis formed the main bulk to the study contributing 70.13% followed by intrathoracic (~16.88%), disseminated (6.49%), abdominal (5.19%) & lymphoid (1.29%) tuberculosis. Severe malnutrition, low socio economic status, illiteracy of parents were the important epidemiological factor affecting the disease status of child. Conclusion: childhood tuberculosis remained the neglected part in NTCP until RNTCP was introduced. Childhood cases have shown increasing trends with the advent of HIV infection. Prompt suspicion and early diagnosis can be an important step in controlling this epidemic.

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Features associated with underlying HIV infection in severe acute childhood malnutrition: a cross sectional study

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Candida bucal en niños mexicanos con VIH/sida, desnutrición o marginación social

Clinical profile of tuberculosis in children up to 5 years of age

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