Featured Collection Introduction: National Water Model

Cohen, Sagy; Praskievicz, Sarah; Maidment, David R.

doi:10.1111/1752-1688.12664

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This featured collection is the third such collection of papers published in JAWRA from research conducted at the Summer Institutes. In addition to this collection, Nelson () summarized work on the National Flood Interoperability Experiment from the first Summer Institute, and Cohen et al () provided an introduction to the second JAWRA featured collection describing work from the second SI on the NWM. Those papers, along with this collection, are helping advance the science of water prediction in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Featured Collection Introduction: National Water Model II

Bales

2019

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Featured Collection Introduction: National Water Model II

Bales

2019

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…The main link between atmospheric and hydrological compartments in a forecasting chain is precipitation forecast, which is an output variable for weather models and constitutes the main input for hydrological models. Quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) is a major challenge for operational meteorology, because the reliability of precipitation forecasts crucially affects streamflow forecasts' skill (for a review see Cuo et al, 2011; for recent applications see e.g. Davolio et al, 2015Davolio et al, , 2017Tao et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of high-resolution sea surface temperature representation on the forecast of small Mediterranean catchments' hydrological responses to heavy precipitation

Senatore

Furnari

Mendicino

2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Operational meteo-hydrological forecasting chains are affected by many sources of uncertainty. In coastal areas characterized by complex topography, with several medium-to-small size catchments, quantitative precipitation forecast becomes even more challenging due to the interaction of intense air–sea exchanges with coastal orography. For such areas, which are quite common in the Mediterranean Basin, improved representation of sea surface temperature (SST) space–time patterns can be particularly important. The paper focuses on the relative impact of different resolutions of SST representation on regional operational forecasting chains (up to river discharge estimates) over coastal Mediterranean catchments, with respect to two other fundamental options while setting up the system, i.e. the choice of the forcing general circulation model (GCM) and the possible use of a three-dimensional variational assimilation (3D-Var) scheme. Two different kinds of severe hydro-meteorological events that affected the Calabria region (southern Italy) in 2015 are analysed using the WRF-Hydro atmosphere–hydrology modelling system in its uncoupled version. Both of the events are modelled using the 0.25∘ resolution global forecasting system (GFS) and the 16 km resolution integrated forecasting system (IFS) initial and lateral atmospheric boundary conditions, which are from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), applying the WRF mesoscale model for the dynamical downscaling. For the IFS-driven forecasts, the effects of the 3D-Var scheme are also analysed. Finally, native initial and lower boundary SST data are replaced with data from the Medspiration project by Institut Français de Recherche pour L'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)/Centre European Remote Sensing d'Archivage et de Traitement (CERSAT), which have a 24 h time resolution and a 2.2 km spatial resolution. Precipitation estimates are compared with both ground-based and radar data, as well as discharge estimates with stream gauging stations' data. Overall, the experiments highlight that the added value of high-resolution SST representation can be hidden by other more relevant sources of uncertainty, especially the choice of the general circulation model providing the boundary conditions. Nevertheless, in most cases, high-resolution SST fields show a non-negligible impact on the simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer processes, modifying flow dynamics and/or the amount of precipitated water; thus, this emphasizes the fact that uncertainty in SST representation should be duly taken into account in operational forecasting in coastal areas.

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“…SWAT serves as the core modeling engine within the HAWQS platform. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is leading the development of a National Water Model (NWM), a hydrologic modeling framework that simulates observed and forecast streamflow across the continental U.S. (Cohen et al 2018). The core modeling system of the NWM is the Weather Research and Forecasting Hydrologic Model, developed and supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (Powers et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Framework of Connectivity for a National Agroecosystem Model Based on Transport Processes and Management Practices

Arnold

White

Allen

et al. 2020

J American Water Resour Assoc

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There is a critical need for a national agroecosystem model for conservation policy and environmental planning, driven by issues including harmful algal blooms, water scarcity, flooding, and other weather‐related extremes. In this study, we illustrate the feasibility of a national agroecosystem model that will downscale processes to individual fields and first‐order channels. We propose to conceptually divide the conterminous United States (U.S.) into process domains as a framework for simulating processes and management at relevant scales. Specifically, we are proposing five domains: field (1–50 ha), transition (0.2–2.0 km2), headwater (1–15 km2), tributaries (15–150 km2), and main river (>150 km2). The proposed conceptual framework hydrologically connects fields across the U.S. using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHDPlus version 2). Parameterizing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the national agroecosystem model resulted in 4,880,000 agricultural fields, 2,250,000 non‐agricultural hydrologic response units, and 7,130,000 transition, 1,610,000 headwater, 591,000 tributary, and 432,400 main channels. Application of this framework was shown for Hydrologic Unit Code 07120002 in central Illinois and Indiana to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using data that is readily available across the U.S. The new connectivity framework has the potential to dramatically improve national conservation and environmental assessments performed by U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

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Featured Collection Introduction: National Water Model

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Featured Collection Introduction: National Water Model II

Featured Collection Introduction: National Water Model II

Impact of high-resolution sea surface temperature representation on the forecast of small Mediterranean catchments' hydrological responses to heavy precipitation

Conceptual Framework of Connectivity for a National Agroecosystem Model Based on Transport Processes and Management Practices

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