Feature specific segmentation in perceived structure-from-motion

Li, Hyung-Chul O.; Kingdom, Frederick A. A.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00247-8

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our current findings are in line with previous studies that suggest that structure-from-motion is constructed through surface representations [41], [42], [43] and that the rivalry in a bistable structure-from-motion sphere takes place between the two surfaces competing for the ‘front-location’ in their depth ordering [23]. Our dot luminance manipulations bias the sphere stimulus towards the interpretation with the brightest surface in the front.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

General Validity of Levelt's Propositions Reveals Common Computational Mechanisms for Visual Rivalry

Klink

Wezel

2008

PLoS ONE

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The mechanisms underlying conscious visual perception are often studied with either binocular rivalry or perceptual rivalry stimuli. Despite existing research into both types of rivalry, it remains unclear to what extent their underlying mechanisms involve common computational rules. Computational models of binocular rivalry mechanisms are generally tested against Levelt's four propositions, describing the psychophysical relation between stimulus strength and alternation dynamics in binocular rivalry. Here we use a bistable rotating structure-from-motion sphere, a generally studied form of perceptual rivalry, to demonstrate that Levelt's propositions also apply to the alternation dynamics of perceptual rivalry. Importantly, these findings suggest that bistability in structure-from-motion results from active cross-inhibition between neural populations with computational principles similar to those present in binocular rivalry. Thus, although the neural input to the computational mechanism of rivalry may stem from different cortical neurons and different cognitive levels the computational principles just prior to the production of visual awareness appear to be common to the two types of rivalry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

General Validity of Levelt's Propositions Reveals Common Computational Mechanisms for Visual Rivalry

Klink

Wezel

2008

PLoS ONE

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“…Earlier reports are also consistent with this hypothesis. For example [19] replaced dots with gabor patches [19]. Use of orthogonal orientations for gabors belonging to “front” and “back” surfaces, which makes tracking easier, resulted in more frequent illusory motion reversals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, if an illusory object is not symmetric in depth at the time of FAS (due to its shape or polar projection) observers virtually always report a reversal of illusory motion [18], [10]. However in general, same sequence of physical events may result in illusory motion reversals in some trials and constant illusory motion in others [19], [20], [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Attention in Ambiguous Reversals of Structure-From-Motion

2012

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Multiple dots moving independently back and forth on a flat screen induce a compelling illusion of a sphere rotating in depth (structure-from-motion). If all dots simultaneously reverse their direction of motion, two perceptual outcomes are possible: either the illusory rotation reverses as well (and the illusory depth of each dot is maintained), or the illusory rotation is maintained (but the illusory depth of each dot reverses). We investigated the role of attention in these ambiguous reversals. Greater availability of attention – as manipulated with a concurrent task or inferred from eye movement statistics – shifted the balance in favor of reversing illusory rotation (rather than depth). On the other hand, volitional control over illusory reversals was limited and did not depend on tracking individual dots during the direction reversal. Finally, display properties strongly influenced ambiguous reversals. Any asymmetries between ‘front’ and ‘back’ surfaces – created either on purpose by coloring or accidentally by random dot placement – also shifted the balance in favor of reversing illusory rotation (rather than depth). We conclude that the outcome of ambiguous reversals depends on attention, specifically on attention to the illusory sphere and its surface irregularities, but not on attentive tracking of individual surface dots.

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“…Earlier work on SFM displays showed that the stability of perception depends primarily on the constancy of the interpolated illusory object (the surface interpolation hypothesis; Treue et al, 1995). Even large changes to the motion and location of individual dots, such as limiting their lifetimes (Brouwer & van Ee, 2006) or reversing their physical motions (Li & Kingdom, 1999;Petersik & Dannemiller, 2004;Stonkute et al, 2012;Zivotofsky & Goldstein, 2007), may not destabilize perception as long as the illusory shape remains the same.…”

Section: ) Nonmotion Dot Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Fig. 1a, it is impossible to know whether the illusory sphere (depicted as a gray circle) follows the example dots and reverses its depth, although current evidence strongly suggests that it remains constant (Brouwer & van Ee, 2006;Li & Kingdom, 1999;Pastukhov, Vonau, & Braun, 2012;Petersik, 1979;Stonkute, Braun, & Pastukhov, 2012;Treder & Meulenbroek, 2010;Zivotofsky & Goldstein, 2007). Taking into account that commonly used object shapes such as spheres or cylinders are rotationally symmetric and, thus, depth symmetric, it is easy to see why illusory depth was overlooked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Structure-from-motion: dissociating perception, neural persistence, and sensory memory of illusory depth and illusory rotation

Pastukhov

Braun

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In the structure-from-motion paradigm, physical motion on a screen produces the vivid illusion of an object rotating in depth. Here, we show how to dissociate illusory depth and illusory rotation in a structure-from-motion stimulus using a rotationally asymmetric shape and reversals of physical motion. Reversals of physical motion create a conflict between the original illusory states and the new physical motion: Either illusory depth remains constant and illusory rotation reverses, or illusory rotation stays the same and illusory depth reverses. When physical motion reverses after the interruption in presentation, we find that illusory rotation tends to remain constant for long blank durations (T blank ≥ 0.5 s), but illusory depth is stabilized if interruptions are short (T blank ≤ 0.1 s). The stability of illusory depth over brief interruptions is consistent with the effect of neural persistence. When this is curtailed using a mask, stability of ambiguous vision (for either illusory depth or illusory rotation) is disrupted. We also examined the selectivity of the neural persistence of illusory depth. We found that it relies on a static representation of an interpolated illusory object, since changes to low-level display properties had little detrimental effect. We discuss our findings with respect to other types of history dependence in multistable displays (sensory stabilization memory, neural fatigue, etc.). Our results suggest that when brief interruptions are used during the presentation of multistable displays, switches in perception are likely to rely on the same neural mechanisms as spontaneous switches, rather than switches due to the initial percept choice at the stimulus onset.

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Feature specific segmentation in perceived structure-from-motion

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

General Validity of Levelt's Propositions Reveals Common Computational Mechanisms for Visual Rivalry

General Validity of Levelt's Propositions Reveals Common Computational Mechanisms for Visual Rivalry

The Role of Attention in Ambiguous Reversals of Structure-From-Motion

Structure-from-motion: dissociating perception, neural persistence, and sensory memory of illusory depth and illusory rotation

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