Feature-oriented regional modeling and simulations in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank

The California Current System: A multiscale overview and the development of a feature-oriented regional modeling system (FORMS)

“…Previous work on such adjustment procedures included the Harvard Ocean Prediction System (HOPS) in the studies of Gangopadhyay et al (1997Gangopadhyay et al ( , 2003 and Brown et al (2007 a, b), the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) by Shaji and Gangopadhyay (2007) and Kim et al (2007), and a first application with POM by Calado et al (2008). The strategy for setting up POM in the CCS region was carried out using climatological temperature and salinity initial fields following Ezer and Mellor's (1997) methodology, with the additional implementation of geostrophic velocity as initial condition for the baroclinic velocities, balanced with initial T-S field.…”

“…Gangopadhyay and Robinson (2002) have generalized the feature-oriented approach for strategic application to any regional ocean. A feature-oriented regional modeling system (FORMS) for the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank region has been developed for real-time applications for medium-range (7-10 days) and mesoscale to sub-mesoscale forecasting (Gangopadhyay et al, 2003;Brown et al 2007a,b). This feature-oriented methodology is also model-independent and can be applied in lieu of either satellite or in situ observations, or both, especially in coastal regions.…”

“…Gangopadhyay and Robinson (2002) described the generalized mathematical forms for some of the typical feature models developed so far (see their Appendix A). Gangopadhyay et al (2003) described a number of applications for coastal regions such as a coastal current, a tidal mixing front, eddies and gyres.…”

Implementing FORMS for the Monterey Bay Forecasting System Using HOPS and ROMS

“…The offshore region is primarily dominated by the large-scale California Current, the California Undercurrent and parts of subtropical and sub-polar gyre circulations in the eastern Pacific. The coastal region includes features such as upwelling fronts, cold pools inshore of these fronts, filaments, squirts, mushroom-head vortices, mesoscale and sub-mesoscale eddies, and meanders.In the FORMS approach (Gangopadhyay and Robinson, 2002;Gangopadhyay et al, 2003), such structures and their parameterized forms can be implemented to characterize the relevant circulation entities. Such implementation requires careful and detailed scientific analyses to identify the spatial and temporal scales and variability that define and distinguish these features from one another while preserving their individual characteristics.…”

“…In the FORMS approach (Gangopadhyay and Robinson, 2002;Gangopadhyay et al, 2003), such structures and their parameterized forms can be implemented to characterize the relevant circulation entities. Such implementation requires careful and detailed scientific analyses to identify the spatial and temporal scales and variability that define and distinguish these features from one another while preserving their individual characteristics.…”