Feature integration within discrete time windows

Drissi-Daoudi, Leila; Doerig, Adrien; Herzog, Michael H.

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12919-7

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…This unconscious integration period can last for 420 ms as experiments using TMS and feature fusion have shown (Scharnowski et al, 2009;Rüter et al, 2010; see also Pilz et al, 2013). Drissi-Daoudi et al (2019) have also shown mandatory unconscious integration up to 450 ms. Relatedly, Sergent et al (2013) showed that a cue presented after a target stimulus that would otherwise remain unconscious can retrospectively render the stimulus conscious. These results raise the question of whether consciousness is a continuous stream of percepts or is discrete, i.e., consciousness occurs at only certain time points (Doerig, Scharnowski, et al, 2019;Fekete et al, 2018;Herzog et al, 2016;James, 2013;VanRullen & Koch, 2003;White, 2018).…”

Section: Ii4 Is Consciousness Temporally Continuous or Discrete?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness

Doerig

Schurger

Herzog

2020

Cognitive Neuroscience

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Consciousness is now a well-established field of empirical research. A large body of experimental results has been accumulated and is steadily growing. In parallel, many Theories of Consciousness (ToCs) have been proposed. These theories are diverse in nature, ranging from computational to neurophysiological and quantum theoretical approaches. This contrasts with other fields of natural science, which host a smaller number of competing theories. We suggest that one reason for this abundance of extremely different theories may be the lack of stringent criteria specifying how empirical data constrains ToCs. First, we argue that consciousness is a well-defined topic from an empirical point of view and motivate a purely empirical stance on the quest for consciousness. Second, we present a checklist of criteria that, we propose, empirical ToCs need to cope with. Third, we review 13 of the most influential ToCs and subject them to the criteria. Our analysis helps to situate these different ToCs in the theoretical landscapeand sheds light on their strengths and weaknesses from a strictly empirical point of view.

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Section: Ii4 Is Consciousness Temporally Continuous or Discrete?mentioning

confidence: 95%

Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness

Doerig

Schurger

Herzog

2020

Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Using the sequential metacontrast paradigm (SQM) ( Otto, Öğmen, & Herzog, 2006 ; Otto, Oğmen, & Herzog, 2009 ), we recently showed that features integrate mandatorily and unconsciously within a window of integration that can last for up to 450 ms, depending on observer ( Drissi-Daoudi, Doerig, & Herzog, 2019 ). Here, we show that this unconscious, mandatory integration cannot be disrupted by a saccade in line with trans-saccadic integration to maintain object identity across eye movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In condition V-PV (vernier–pro-vernier), the central line and one of the flanking lines are offset in the same direction and add up. Figure adapted from Drissi-Daoudi et al (2019) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object identity determines trans-saccadic integration

et al. 2020

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Humans make two to four rapid eye movements (saccades) per second, which, surprisingly, does not lead to abrupt changes in vision. To the contrary, we perceive a stable world. Hence, an important question is how information is integrated across saccades. To investigate this question, we used the sequential metacontrast paradigm (SQM), where two expanding streams of lines are presented. When one line is spatially offset, the other lines are perceived as being offset, too. When more lines are offset, all offsets integrate mandatorily; that is, observers cannot report the individual offsets but perceive one integrated offset. Here, we asked observers to make a saccade during the SQM. Even though the saccades caused a highly disrupted motion trajectory on the retina, offsets presented before and after the saccade integrated mandatorily. When observers made no saccade and the streams were displaced on the screen so that a similarly disrupted retinal image occurred as in the previous condition, no integration occurred. We suggest that trans-saccadic integration and perception are determined by object identity in spatiotopic coordinates and not by the retinal image.

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“…This model argued that our brain does not collect information only at certain time points like a camera; instead, information is unconsciously integrated over an extended period of time preceding discrete conscious percepts. The two-stage discrete model has been supported by studies of long-lasting postdictive effects in a variety of paradigms ( Drissi-Daoudi, Doerig, & Herzog, 2019 ; Sergent et. al., 2013 ; Sun et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice

et al. 2020

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Our conscious perception of the world is not an instantaneous, moment-by-moment construction. Rather, our perception of an event is influenced, over time, by information gained after the event; this is known as a postdictive effect. A recent study reported that this postdictive effect could occur even in choice. The present study sought to test whether the striking postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice, by directly and systematically manipulating attention in two experiments. Specifically, Experiment 1 revealed that the robust postdictive effect of choice was almost completely eliminated when attentional bias was removed. More important, Experiment 2 demonstrated that the postdictive effect of choice could be modulated by directly manipulating participants' attention with a spatial cue, in particular, when the cue appeared at short time delays. These results suggest that choice could be considerably postdictively influenced by attention and this effect was most pronounced within a short time window wherein decision making was most likely in progress. The current study not only enables clarification of the mechanism of the newly discovered postdictive effect of choice, but also extends evidence of the modulation of attention on decision making.

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Feature integration within discrete time windows

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness

Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness

Object identity determines trans-saccadic integration

The postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice

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