Feasibility study on the use of elemental profiles to authenticate aromatic rice: the case of Basmati and Thai rice

Abstract

Among the thousands of existing rice varieties, aromatic rice has increasingly attracted consumer’s preference in recent years. Within aromatic rice, Basmati, cultivated in some regions in Pakistan and India, is highly demanded. Other aromatic rice, cultivated in specific regions, for instance in Thailand (commonly referred to as Jasmine Thai rice), are also highly appreciated by consumers. In this work, the elemental profiles of commercially available rice samples (17 Basmati, 11 Thai, and 7 Long Grain rice) were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectroscopy. The mass fractions of P, Cl, S, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn were significantly different (95% confidence interval) between Basmati and Thai rice and between Thai and Long Grain rice; only Cl, S, and Zn were significantly different between Basmati and Long Grain rice. Multivariate evaluation of the results combining soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) allowed the correct classification (true positives) of 94.1, 85.6, and 100% of the Basmati, Long Grain, and Thai rice, respectively. The specificity (true negatives) of Basmati, Long Grain, and Thai was 94.4, 82.1, and 100%, respectively.

Trans-Zeatin induce regulation the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

“…Because of its unique aroma and excellent grain quality, fragrant rice is loved by consumers worldwide. Compared with nonfragrant rice, farmers can earn higher profits by planting fragrant rice [ 7 ]. Hundreds of compounds can contribute to the unique flavor of fragrant rice.…”

The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents

“…Fragrant rice is famous for its special aroma in the world (Dumitrascu et al, 2021;Moogi et al, 2021), and 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP) has been identified as the key and main component of that aroma in recent years (Jezussek et al, 2002;Mahattanatawee and Rouseff, 2014;Poonlaphdecha et al, 2016). Over the past two decades, scientists have made attempts to understand the biosynthetic mechanism of 2-AP.…”

Combination of light stable isotopic and elemental signatures in Thai Hom Mali rice with chemometric analysis

“…Currently, researchers have focused on the applications of stable isotopes for the determination of the geographical origin of various plant and food products, such as tea ( Zhou et al, 2019 ), green tea ( Ni et al, 2018 ), milk ( Dong, Xiao, & Luo, 2017 ), and wheat ( Luo et al, 2015 ). To date, various techniques have been reported for the determination of geographical origin of rice in several countries such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( Chung et al, 2015 , Gonzálvez et al, 2011 , Li et al, 2012 ), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ( Du et al, 2018 , Kokot and Phuong, 1999 , Kongsri et al, 2021 , Li et al, 2012 , Shen et al, 2013 ), high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) ( Ariyama et al, 2012 , Cheajesadagul et al, 2013 ), energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy ( Dumitrascu, Fiamegos, & de la Calle Guntiñas, 2021 ), isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) ( Chung et al, 2016 , Korenaga et al, 2010 , Suzuki et al, 2008 , Wang et al, 2020 ), and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) ( Kato, De Nadai Fernandes, Bacchi, & Sarriés, 2018 ; Kukusamude & Kongsri, 2018; Salim, Mostapa, Othman, Daud, Harun, & Mohamed, 2020 ).…”