Feasibility Study on Discrimination of Neo-plastic and Non-Neoplastic Gastric Tissues Using Spark Discharge Assisted Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Abstract

Introduction: The present work is a novel in vitro study that evaluated the possibility of diagnosing neoplastic from nonneoplastic gastric tissues using spark discharge assisted laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (SD-LIBS) method. Methods: In these experiments, the low energy laser pulses ablated a tiny amount of tissue surface leading to plasma formation. Then, a spark discharge was applied to plasma in order to intensify the plasma radiation. Light emission from plasma was recorded as spectra which were analyzed. Gastric tissues of 5 people were studied through this method. Results: The SD-LIBS technique had the potential to discriminate normal and cancerous tissues based on the significant differences in the intensities of some particular elements. The comparison of normalized calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) peaks of neoplastic and nonneoplastic gastric tissues could be viewed as a practical measure for tissue discrimination since Ca and Mg peaks in spectra of neoplastic were noticeably higher than nonneoplastic. Conclusion: Considering the identification of gastric cancer, the applied method in these experiments seems quite fast, noninvasive and cost-effective with respect to other conventional methods. The significant increment of specific Ca and Mg lines of neoplastic gastric tissues in comparison to the nonneoplastic ones can be considered as valuable information that might bring about tissue classification. The number of samples in this work, however, was not sufficient for a decisive conclusion and further researches is needed to generalize this idea.

Elemental analysis and identification of papillary thyroid cancer tissues using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…The role of calcium in development of cancers has been discussed in prostate, breast, lung, gastric cancer tissues, and many other organ transformations. 33–41 Most results showed that the concentration of calcium in the malignant tissues was noticeably higher than that of the healthy ones, which is consistent with the results of this work. For PTC, the cancer cells in the nodules grow rapidly, and the proliferation of blood vessels and fibrous tissues in the tumor may lead to the deposition of calcium salts, and even microcalcification clusters.…”

Combined Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers for real-time closed-loop tissue-specific laser osteotomy

“…However, many of these methods have not been tested in combination with an ablating laser; studies have focused on tissue differentiation only. In addition to the work carried out in the area of tissue-specific surgery, several studies have used similar approaches for detecting cancer borders during surgery [45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.…”

“…Table 1 covers all studies, to the best of our knowledge, related to tissue-specific surgeries. However, the table does not cover works that have used a similar feedback mechanism for detecting cancer margins [45][46][47][48][49][50][51] in the tissues.…”

Discrimination of Melanoma Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Conducted on Human Tissue Samples

“…Skin cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancer worldwide. For the identification and diagnosis of melanoma skin cancer analytical methods such as synchrotron radiation microanalysis (SXRF) [1][2][3], or transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM-EDX) [4,5], laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) [5][6][7][8], and Raman Spectroscopy are already used [9]. In terms of LIBS sensitivity and spatial resolution with other techniques such as LA-ICP-MS, TEM, Nano-SIM (nanosecondary ion mass spectrometry), EPMA (electron probe micro-analysis), TEM, and SEM (scanning electron microscope), as indicated in [1], which illustrated that LIBS achieves micrometer scale resolution with part-per-million range sensitivities.…”

“…e acquisition rate can be very high in LIBS since it is constrained only by the speed of the detector and the frequency rate of the laser. A pace of acquisition up to kilohertz has already been seen [9]. Although these analytical approaches showed high performance in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity, their relatively slow analysis and the complexity of the required equipment make their use rather restrictive and difficult for routine medical diagnosis.…”