Feasibility Studies of End-Customer's Local Energy Storage on Balancing Power Market

Belonogova, Nadezda; Haakana, Juha; Tikka, Ville; Lassila, Jukka; Partanen, Jarmo

doi:10.1049/cp.2016.0817

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…While the price of battery storages is still high, implementing a battery storage to a PV system could be viable in the near future (Muenzel et al, 2015). Using a battery storage by participating in the electricity market as a frequency reserve or balancing power in residential houses could also be a viable option (Belonogova et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal dimensioning of a solar PV plant with measured electrical load curves in Finland

et al. 2018

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The amount of installed solar power in Finland tripled in 2016, reaching 27 MWp. In Finland there are no feed-in tariffs, and with the low price of electricity together with the annual distribution of insolation concentrating on summer, the photovoltaic electricity production is economical only when used for self-consumption. When the produced electricity is used for self-consumption, optimization of the photovoltaic power system size is essential for the profitability of the investment. Usually when optimizing the size of the PV system, the electricity production is optimized so that the electricity sold to the grid is minimized. However, this can lead to undersizing of the PV power system. The PV power system size can for example be dimensioned by using methods such as the minimum energy consumption of the building, the maximum power consumption, or the net zero principle. In Finland, the smart meters provide hourly consumption data from the electricity consumers, which can be used to generate electrical load profiles. These smart meters have been installed on almost every real estate.In this paper, the profitability of a photovoltaic power system in the conditions of southern Finland is studied, simulated, and analyzed for self-consumption. Three cases, a grocery store, a dairy farm, and a domestic house with direct electric space heating, are presented and used in the simulation. Their electricity consumption is measured by hourly automatic meter reading (AMR) on a yearly basis. An Excel tool was used for the analysis of the electrical load profiles against the PV power system production at different system sizes. The profitability of the PV power system was studied by using internal interest rate, net present value, discounted payback period, and self-consumption rate. The effects of government subsidies on the profitability of a PV power system were also examined.The optimized system sizes for the grocery store, dairy farm, and domestic house with direct electric space heating were 89 kWp, 28 kWp, and 5.2 kWp, respectively. The solar modules of the grocery store and the domestic house were facing south whereas the optimal module orientation in the dairy farm was 50-50% east-west. It was found that in the case of the grocery store and the dairy farm, the PV system size could be increased without the internal rate of return decreasing significantly, and thus, a larger system could be justified. Using the self-consumption ratio to optimize the PV power system size leads to undersizing of the system. It was found that the subsidies for the PV power systems have a significant impact on profitability. In the cases of optimized sizes, the grocery store would be economically viable even if the electricity price decreased annually by 3.6% with subsidies and 1.0% without subsidies. The optimized PV power system of the dairy farm would be economically viable if the electricity price decreased by 3.3% annually; however, without subsidies the electricity price would have to increase by 1.0% annually to remain viable. Co...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal dimensioning of a solar PV plant with measured electrical load curves in Finland

et al. 2018

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“…Using UK historical pricing data, the proposed strategy selects the appropriate battery SOC profile to maximise the income revenue for arbitrage whilst delivering the EFR service. Stored energy in the BESS is expressed in (2) [11,[18][19][20]. 2where is battery discharging efficiency, is battery charging efficiency, is energy stored in the BESS at hour t, if BESS injects power at hour t, if BESS absorbs power at hour t.…”

Section: Energy Arbitragementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of the BESS charge/discharge and the total arbitrage revenue can be simply calculated using the following [11,[18][19][20]24]:…”

Section: Energy Arbitragementioning

confidence: 99%

Battery SOC management strategy for enhanced frequency response and day-ahead energy scheduling of BESS for energy arbitrage

Gundogdu

Gladwin

Stone

2017

IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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The electricity system has to balance demand and supply every second, a task that is becoming evermore challenging due to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources and subsequent inertial levels. In the UK, a number of grid frequency support services are available, which are developed to provide a real-time response to changes in the grid frequency. The National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET)the primary electricity transmission network operator in the UKhas introduced a new faster frequency response service, called the Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR), which requires a response time of under one second. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are ideal choice for delivering such a service. In this paper a control algorithm is presented which supplies a charge/discharge power output with respect to deviations in the grid frequency and the ramp-rate limits imposed by NGET, whilst managing the state-of-charge (SOC) of the BESS to maximise the utilisation of the available energy capacity. Using the real UK market clearing prices, a forecasted battery state of charge (SOC) management strategy has been also developed to deliver EFR service whilst scheduling throughout the day for energy arbitrage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm delivers an EFR service within the specification whilst generating arbitrage revenue. A comparative study is also presented to compare the yearly arbitrage revenue obtained from the model of the Willenhall and an experimental Leighton Buzzard battery storage system. Simulation results on a 2MW/1MWh lithium-titanate BESS are provided to verify the proposed algorithm based on the control of an experimentally validated battery model.

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“…Energy storages can be utilised in several application providing wide scale benefits for several power system actors such as the end-user itself, the controller of power system stability, local distribution system operator and balance responsible party in the electricity retail business. The BES applications can be divided to primary and secondary [10]. Typically the primary applications can be divided to 1 st peak cut/peak load reduction of the end-users load demand [5], [6], 2 nd photovoltaic electricity production storage and 3 rd price arbitrage in the spot markets.…”

Section: Bes Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk or benefit on the electricity grid: distributed energy storages in system services

Haakana

Haapaniemi

Tikka

et al. 2017

CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal

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This paper considers the effects of distributed energy storages on electricity distribution systems in the situation where the storages are used in system services such as frequency containment. In the paper the energy storage scenario is based on the assumption where the present energy-based electricity distribution pricing model will be changed to power-based, which motivates electricity customers to reduce their peak loads, and thus to invest in energy storages.

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Feasibility Studies of End-Customer's Local Energy Storage on Balancing Power Market

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Optimal dimensioning of a solar PV plant with measured electrical load curves in Finland

Optimal dimensioning of a solar PV plant with measured electrical load curves in Finland

Battery SOC management strategy for enhanced frequency response and day-ahead energy scheduling of BESS for energy arbitrage

Risk or benefit on the electricity grid: distributed energy storages in system services

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