Feasibility of steel powder deposition on composites through cold spray

On the Importance of Secondary Component Properties for Cold Spray Metallization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers

“…Therefore, single component powder candidates for deposition on CFRP would be materials such as Sn, Pb, Al, Cu and Zn powders (or associated alloys with similar hardness levels). These results would also explain the difficulty to cold spray coatings with harder materials such as steel on CFRP, as observed elsewhere (Ref 27 , 28 ).…”

“…In recent years, metallization of polymers has garnered increased interest (Ref 22 , 23 ) and some success has been obtained in depositing metallic layers on polymeric substrates with a variety of metals, e.g. tin (Ref 18 , 24 - 26 ), iron (Ref 24 ), 316L stainless steel (Ref 27 , 28 ), AlSi10Mg (Ref 28 - 30 ), copper (Ref 18 , 24 , 26 , 31 - 34 ) or aluminum (Ref 33 , 35 ). Notably, high deposition efficiencies of over 70% for copper on PEEK deposition were recently recorded (Ref 32 , 34 ).…”

Cold spray deposition of metallic coatings on polymers: a review

“…Anyway, as proved by Della Gatta et al [54], steel 316 L powder can be successfully deposited on a composite substrate with a low-pressure cold spray technique, suggesting that with a proper setting of the cold spray process parameters the deposition of hard materials can be achievable.…”

Effect of Secondary Component Properties when Cold Spraying Mixed Metal Powders on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers

“…Cold-spraying onto a metallic substrate is generally efficient, while cold-spraying metal powders onto polymeric substrates has provided mixed results as a consequence of substrate erosion from hard particles on a substrate with poor erosion resistance [15][16][17][18]. In recent years, some success has been obtained in depositing metallic layers on polymeric substrates with a variety of metals [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], but issues were recorded that generally included substrate damage [18,19], relatively low deposition efficiencies (DEs) (i.e. the ratio of effectively deposited particles on the substrate versus the amount of sprayed particles) [19][20][21][22], or delamination issues [23][24][25].…”

“…In recent years, some success has been obtained in depositing metallic layers on polymeric substrates with a variety of metals [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], but issues were recorded that generally included substrate damage [18,19], relatively low deposition efficiencies (DEs) (i.e. the ratio of effectively deposited particles on the substrate versus the amount of sprayed particles) [19][20][21][22], or delamination issues [23][24][25]. Ganesan et al initially suggested that soft powders such as tin had the possibility to deform upon impact favoring mechanical anchoring, while harder particles such as copper could not [16].…”