Feasibility of recycling pulp and paper mill sludge in the paper and board industries

Alda, Jesús A. G. Ochoa de

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.02.005

Cited by 122 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pulp and paper mill primary sludge consists of wood fibres (e.g. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), inorganic papermaking fillers like kaolin and CaCO3, pitch (wood resin), lignin by-products and ash (Ochoa de Alda 2008). Secondary sludge consists of microbial biomass, celldecay products and lignin precipitates (Puhakka et al 1992).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Screening pretreatment methods to enhance thermophilic anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment secondary sludge

Bayr

Kaparaju

Rintala

2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston matemaattis-luonnontieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Ylistönrinteellä, salissa YAA303 toukokuun 23. päivänä 2014 kello 12.Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, In this thesis, the anaerobic digestion of industrial by-products from meat and pulp and paper industry were studied. These materials, which are treated mainly like wastes, were seen to be potential substrates for anaerobic digestion. Methane yields of ca. 700 dm 3 kg volatile solids (VS)added -1 were obtained for slaughterhouse wastes, alone and in co-digestion with rendering wastes. On the other hand, methane yields of 190-240 dm 3 kgVSadded -1 were obtained in the monodigestion of pulp and paper industry primary sludge, and 150-170 dm 3 kgVSadded -1 in the co-digestion of primary sludge with secondary sludge. In the digestion of slaughterhouse and rendering wastes, mesophilic conditions were more stable, and the feasible organic loading rates (OLRs) were 1-1.5 kgVS m -3 d -1 and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were 50 d. For pulp and paper mill wastewater sludge, thermophilic conditions were more stable with the feasible OLRs of 1-2 kgVS m -3 d -1 and the HRTs of 14-32 d. The digestion processes of these industrial by-products can easily turn unstable. In the digestion of slaughterhouse and rendering wastes, process imbalance may occur due to inhibition from intermediate products like volatile fatty acids, long-chain fatty acids and ammonia. On the contrary, in the digestion of pulp and paper mill wastewater sludge, the low nitrogen content and low pH may cause problems. It was observed that the more stable digestion process of slaughterhouse waste is achieved by additive of Co, Ni, Se, W, Fe and HCl. In addition, in pulp and paper mill secondary sludge digestion, hydrothermal pretreatment, among the studied 12 single or combined pre-treatments, increased the methane yield by 19-31 %. In conclusion, the digestion of two different kinds of industrial by-products was seen to be feasible, although operational conditions should be optimised and possibly enhancement methods used to ensure the stable digestion processes of these vulnerable organic materials.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Screening pretreatment methods to enhance thermophilic anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment secondary sludge

Bayr

Kaparaju

Rintala

2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Kraft lignin (sulfate lignin) is isolated in the so-called delignification process, from black liquor by precipitation and neutralization with an acid solution (pH = 1-2), and subsequently dried to a solid form [2]. It is estimated that only 2% of the industrially extracted lignin is exploited for low-volume, niche applications, while the rest is often relegated to a low efficiency energy recovery via combustion or as a natural component of animal feeds [3]. Thus, the development of ways to convert lignin to new high-value products is an active area of research, dealing with the main drawbacks of lignin usage regarding the low-purity standards, heterogeneity, smell and color problems of the existing commercial lignins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and 3D printing processing of bio-based thermoplastic filament

2017

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-In this work, an extrusion-based 3D printing technique was employed for processing of biobased blends of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) with low-cost kraft lignin. In Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process, objects are built in a layer-by-layer fashion by melting, extruding and selectively depositing thermoplastic fibers on a platform. These fibers are used as building blocks for more complex structures with defined microarchitecture, in an automated, cost-effective process, with minimum material waste. A sustainable material consisting of lignin biopolymer blended with poly(lactic acid) was examined for its physical properties and for its melt processability during the FFF process. Samples with different PLA/lignin weight ratios were prepared and their mechanical (tensile testing), thermal (Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis) and morphological (optical and scanning electron microscopy, SEM) properties were studied. The composition with optimum properties was selected for the production of 3D-printing filament. Three process parameters, which contribute to shear rate and stress imposed on the melt, were examined: extrusion temperature, printing speed and fiber's width varied and their effect on extrudates' morphology was evaluated. The mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens were assessed with tensile testing and SEM fractography.

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“…In order to further increase the environmental sustainability of the process, it is necessary to reduce the fraction of forest biomass ash (FBA) that is currently land-filled. To achieve this target, new application fields, different from soil amendment, have to be found [2][3][4]. Furthermore, the development of more environmentally friendly materials based on the utilization of industrial waste materials or recycled materials in their manufacture is a nowadays focus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Geopolymeric Mortars Containing Forest Biomass Ash as Partial Replacement of Metakaolin

et al. 2017

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Geopolymers are a new class of binders based on alkali activation of natural and by-products raw materials. Their properties and eco-compatibility highly depends on the reaction system. The (Na,K) 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O system shows a distinguishing pseudo-zeolitic network structure, but reaction requires a high amount of activators. The aim of this work is to investigate how the use of forest biomass ash (FBA), as partial replacement material in the production of metakaolin (MK) based geopolymeric mortar, and affect its properties. FBA is a by-product of the combustion process of forest biomass in thermal power plants. Mortars with a FBA content of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% wt have been tested for workability, flexural, and compressive strength. Capillary absorption, micro-morphological features, thermal, and shrinkage behavior have been investigated. The addition of FBA allowed for a decrease in the use of alkaline activator up to 20%, while preserving the characteristic broad hump centered at approximately 28 • 2θ Mechanical properties of the geopolymeric mortars decrease proportionally with metakaolin replacement, even if a compression strength of more than 35 MPa is still obtained with a FBA content of 30% wt. After thermal cycles of up to 700 • C, all of the mortars still retain their cohesiveness, with an overall loss of mechanical strength of about 80% of the initial value that can be attributed to the formation of microcracks as a consequence of the network strain and distortion due to dehydration and shrinkage.

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Feasibility of recycling pulp and paper mill sludge in the paper and board industries

Cited by 122 publications

References 8 publications

Screening pretreatment methods to enhance thermophilic anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment secondary sludge

Screening pretreatment methods to enhance thermophilic anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment secondary sludge

Production and 3D printing processing of bio-based thermoplastic filament

Production of Geopolymeric Mortars Containing Forest Biomass Ash as Partial Replacement of Metakaolin

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