Feasibility of lactate derivative based agent as additive for concrete for regain of crack water tightness by bacterial metabolism

Mors, R.M.; Jonkers, H.M.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.10.037

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As for CEM III/A, a limited effect on strength [15], hydration energy, and slag reaction occurred for HA addition; it would be interesting to see whether similar results can be found for the absorption rate of concrete surfaces with or without HA, as was found for OPC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Limitation of freeze-thaw salt scaling damage was found for surface application of a bacteria-based agent in liquid form to concrete surfaces [14]. Regain of water-tightness of cracked mortar was found from incorporation of a solid bacteria-based additive or healing agent (HA) at the mixing stage [15]. Where negligible influence was found for mortar strength development and high sealing capacity of cracks upon immersion in water, the effect on the water transport properties of intact mortar or concrete was not determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect on Concrete Surface Water Absorption upon Addition of Lactate Derived Agent

Mors

Jonkers

2017

Coatings

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Water tightness of a concrete cover layer is important, as it is typically used as a protective coating of the steel reinforcement. Water tightness can be impaired by crack formation or by permeability. A bacteria-based lactate-derived healing agent (HA) can be added to concrete to enhance the potential for restoration of water tightness. Bacterial conversion of the included carbon source results in CO 2 production and subsequent CaCO 3 precipitation, similar to the mechanism of concrete carbonation. Carbonation is known to densify concrete, particularly when using ordinary Portland cement (OPC), but to a much lower extend in slag-based concrete (CEM III/B). To identify the effect of HA addition on concrete properties, this study focusses on the ingress of moisture in non-cracked concrete surfaces by assessing capillary water absorption. Surface properties were determined for sealed and unsealed surfaces of concrete-either based on OPC or CEM III/B-before and after curing under three different conditions: Dry, wet, or humid. HA addition to concrete containing slag cement generated a surface less prone to continued drying, but resulted in higher water absorption. In contrast, surface water absorption significantly decreased upon HA addition to OPC-based samples, independent of the curing regime. It is therefore concluded that HA in its current form is suitable for application in OPC, but less in CEM III/B-based mixtures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on Concrete Surface Water Absorption upon Addition of Lactate Derived Agent

Mors

Jonkers

2017

Coatings

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“…Jonkers et al developed since 2006 in a series of studies a bacterial spore and an organic compound–based healing agent for providing autonomous healing potential to concrete under aerobic conditions (see and references therein, and). The specific healing agent contains organic compounds in the form of calcium salts of fatty acids such as calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium glutamate, calcium propionate, and calcium lactate or lactate derivatives .…”

Section: Self‐healing Bioconcretementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Self‐Healing Concrete for Damage Management of Structures

Belie

Gruyaert

Al‐Tabbaa

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

497

278

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The increasing concern for safety and sustainability of structures is calling for the development of smart self-healing materials and preventive repair methods. The appearance of small cracks (<300 µm in width) in concrete is almost unavoidable, not necessarily causing a risk of collapse for the structure, but surely impairing its functionality, accelerating its degradation, and diminishing its service life and sustainability. This review provides the state-ofthe-art of recent developments of self-healing concrete, covering autogenous or intrinsic healing of traditional concrete followed by stimulated autogenous healing via use of mineral additives, crystalline admixtures or (superabsorbent) polymers, and subsequently autonomous self-healing mechanisms, i.e. via, application of micro-, macro-, or vascular encapsulated polymers, minerals, or bacteria. The (stimulated) autogenous mechanisms are generally limited to healing crack widths of about 100-150 µm. In contrast, most autonomous self-healing mechanisms can heal cracks of 300 µm, even sometimes up to more than 1 mm, and usually act faster. After explaining the basic concept for each self-healing technique, the most recent advances are collected, explaining the progress and current limitations, to provide insights toward the future developments. This review addresses the research needs required to remove hindrances that limit market penetration of self-healing concrete technologies.

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“…Moreover, lactate is allowed as concrete additive according to the European norm on admixtures [15]. Published lab-based studies have shown that, depending on the dosage of bacteria and lactate-based nutrients, cracks of up to 0.8 mm width can be sealed autonomously [14,16]. Healing of 0.8 mm wide cracks requires a dosage of 15 kg of B. alkalinitrilicuscomprising self-healing agent per m 3 of concrete mix , while a dosage of 5 kg/m 3 leads to the autonomous waterproofing of 0.4 mm wide cracks ( Figure 2) [17].…”

Section: Autonomous Crack Repair By Limestoneforming Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disadvantage of use of porous carrier aggregates is that they significantly lower the compressive strength of the concrete [16,20]. A next generation selfhealing agent was therefore developed by the Delft group and in this one the active healing agent components (bacterial spores, yeast extract and lactate-derivatives) were pelleted using combined powder compression-and extrusion techniques which made the use of expanded clay carriers redundant [14]. Major advantage of the new generation healing agent is that it consists of 100% bio-based active ingredients not resulting in decrease of compressive strength of the resulting concrete if dosed correctly [21].…”

Section: Development Of Bacteria-based Self-healing Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria-based self-healing concrete: evaluation of full scale demonstrator projects

Mors¹,

Jonkers

2020

RILEM Tech Lett

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Bacteria-based self-healing concrete is an innovative concrete that contains a self-healing agent that provides the material with enhanced autonomous crack-sealing performance. A specific type of this concrete, based on a healing agent composed of bacterial spores and lactate as carbon source, has been developed and applied by the Delft University of Technology for over ten years. Under laboratory conditions it was proven that, depending on the dosage of healing agent, self-healing of cracks up to 0.8 mm widths occurs. As such the material potentially allows reduction of steel reinforcement used for crack width limitation in watertight constructions. Application of self-healing concrete would therefore not only result in a reduction of costs but also in improvement of environmental performance (lower CO2 footprint) and ease of in situ casting due to reduction of use of steel in waterproof applications. However, according to the EN 1990 Eurocode (Basis of structural design), customary application of a novel type of concrete must be preceded by full scale demonstrators proving evidence for safe and functional performance. In this contribution we portray full scale application of bacteria-based self-healing agent as developed by the Delft research group in two repair mortar-and in two concrete construction demonstrator projects. These demonstrator projects show that addition of the bacteria-based self-healing agent to the concrete mix is safe as no negative side effects on construction performance was observed. However, it also proved difficult to find evidence for increased crack-healing performance as cracking in the demonstrator constructions hardly occurred. In further full scale demonstrators we therefore plan to drastically reduce amount of crack width-restraining reinforcement to show crackhealing capacity and potential to save on use of reinforcement steel in watertight concrete constructions.

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Feasibility of lactate derivative based agent as additive for concrete for regain of crack water tightness by bacterial metabolism

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Effect on Concrete Surface Water Absorption upon Addition of Lactate Derived Agent

Effect on Concrete Surface Water Absorption upon Addition of Lactate Derived Agent

A Review of Self‐Healing Concrete for Damage Management of Structures

Bacteria-based self-healing concrete: evaluation of full scale demonstrator projects

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