Feasibility of internal standardization in the direct and simultaneous determination of As, Cu and Pb in sugar-cane spirits by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Advances in assessing the elemental composition of distilled spirits using atomic spectrometry

“…Accordingly, plasma-based spectrometric methods [i.e., inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ICP optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)] are quite commonly used (see Table 4). ICP-MS is applied for determining individual trace elements {e.g., As [1,6], Al [2], Cd [2], Cu [9], Pb [1,2,6,48], and Sb [35]} or multi-elemental analysis, where different trace and ultratrace elements are determined [23,28,42]. ICP-OES is exclusively used for such multi-elemental determinations [5,7,[10][11][12]29,30,36,[39][40][41][42]45,47].…”

“…Graphite tubes without platforms are rarely used [18,31,45]. GF-AAS is applied to determine a specific group of trace elements {i.e., Al [17,19,34,46], As [1,6,19,37], Cd [11,17,19,20,38,45,46,49,50], Cr [11,18,31,45], Cu [1,6,9,37,50], Fe [52], Ni [9,11,31,45], Pb [1,4,6,9,14,16,17,19,33,37,46,[49][50][51] and Sb [18]}. However, it can also be used for determining selected major and minor elements (i.e., Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg and Na) …”

“…Concentrations of individual elements are quite often measured in distilled spirits using graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) with graphite tubes and integrated or inserted L'vov platforms [1,4,6,11,17,19,34,37,38,45,[49][50][51][52]. Graphite tubes without platforms are rarely used [18,31,45].…”

“…Accordingly, permissible levels of selected trace elements in these products are given as the following: 10 mg L -1 , 10 mg L -1 , 0.5 mg L -1 and 2 mg L -1 , respectively for As, Cu, Pb and Zn [25] in Serbia, 0.1 mg L -1 , 5 mg L -1 and 0.2 mg L -1 , respectively for As, Cu and Pb [1,3,[6][7][8]16,29,33,36] in Brazil, 10 mg L -1 , 1 mg L -1 and 10 mg L -1 , respectively for Cu, Pb and Zn, [2,5,14] in Spain, and 4 mg L -1 and 2 mg L -1 , respectively for Cu and Fe [13,27] in Venezuela. Apart from verification of the quality and the safety of distilled spirits, their reliable elemental analysis is important from a marketing point of view {i.e., to guarantee the products are genuine and of superior quality, particularly when these products are declared as possessing a certified brand of origin (CBO) label [1,2,6,7,31,37,38].…”

Analytical chemistry in Brazil: healthy and growing

“…Additionally, it was shown that along progression of the distillation process, 70 compounds appear to visually discriminate between samples. Finally, control of other possible constituents such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and arsenic, copper and lead in cachaças was performed by using HPLC 75 and GFAAS, 76 respectively. Research papers dealing with beer were less common.…”