Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale

Howell, Bryan

doi:10.1111/ner.13137

Cited by 32 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is a simple and obvious consequence of the inverse distance relationship of electromagnetic radiation within a conductive medium that is independent of geometry. In fact, this consequence will likely be exacerbated by the distance between electrodes and target tissues at the scale of the human head (Howell and McIntyre, 2020). Therefore, we believe that the ''sandwich'' hypothesis must be considered in the tentative design of TI neuromodulation technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grossman et al, proposed TI as a potential non-invasive alternative to DBS (i.e., suprathreshold stimulation) (Grossman et al, 2017). Therefore, in this study, we investigated conditions necessary for the direct recruitment of axons, which are most susceptible to polarization (Aberra et al, 2018;Chakraborty et al, 2018;Howell and McIntyre, 2020;McIntyre et al, 2004;Rahman et al, 2013;Wongsarnpigoon and Grill, 2012). However, there is significant theoretical and experimental evidence that non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation approaches do not generate the electric fields necessary to produce direct excitation (Datta et al, 2009;Rampersad et al, 2019;Vö rö slakos et al, 2018).…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polarization effects that alter neural firing, synaptic transmission, and subthreshold currents can be obtained with lower field strengths compared with direct recruitment ($1 V/m) (Beré nyi et al, 2012;Datta et al, 2009;Frö hlich and McCormick, 2010;Ozen et al, 2010;Vö rö slakos et al, 2018). It may be possible to obtain these subthreshold fields strengths with TI stimulation and to direct TI fields toward specific deep brain regions by utilizing specific electrode montages, electrode sizes, and multiple waveforms (Cao and Grover, 2020;Howell and McIntyre, 2020;Huang and Parra, 2019;Rampersad et al, 2019). It may also be possible to exploit cellular or network features that are specific to certain brain regions (Esmaeilpour et al, 2019) to maximize the subthreshold effects of TI stimulation.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Axons and axon terminals have been shown to have the lowest threshold to invasive and non-invasive extracellular electrical stimulation (Aberra et al, 2018;Chakraborty et al, 2018;Howell and McIntyre, 2020;McIntyre et al, 2004;Rahman et al, 2013;Wongsarnpigoon and Grill, 2012). And because TI stimulation has been proposed as a potential non-invasive alternative to deep brain stimulation (i.e.…”

Section: Myelinated Axon Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decades of research has shown that neural membranes do respond to high-frequency fields, albeit the dynamics become complex and lead to phenomena, such as conduction block (i.e., inhibition of action potential propagation) (Bhadra et al, 2007(Bhadra et al, , 2019Crosby et al, 2017;Joseph and Butera, 2009;Joseph et al, 2007;Kilgore and Bhadra, 2006;Tai et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006aZhang et al, , 2006b. This research has also shown that axons are more susceptible to polarization from (invasive and non-invasive) electric stimulation (Aberra et al, 2018;Chakraborty et al, 2018;Hause, 1975;Howell and McIntyre, 2020;McIntyre et al, 2004;Rahman et al, 2013;Ranck, 1975;Wongsarnpigoon and Grill, 2012). Specifically, ac-tion potentials can be initiated at the axon terminals, in correspondence to maxima of the electric field (Chakraborty et al, 2018;Hause, 1975;Hentall, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Biophysics of Temporal Interference Stimulation

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Myelinated Axon Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Biophysics of Temporal Interference Stimulation

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nonlinearities and timescales in neural models of temporal interference stimulation

Plovie,

Schoeters,

Tarnaud

et al. 2024

Bioelectromagnetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In temporal interference (TI) stimulation, neuronal cells react to two interfering sinusoidal electric fields with a slightly different frequency (, in the range of about 1–4 kHz, in the range of about 1–100 Hz). It has been previously observed that for the same input intensity, the neurons do not react to a purely sinusoidal signal at or . This study seeks a better understanding of the largely unknown mechanisms underlying TI neuromodulation. To this end, single‐compartment models are used to simulate computationally the response of neurons to the sinusoidal and TI waveform. This study compares five different neuron models: Hodgkin‐Huxley (HH), Frankenhaeuser–Huxley (FH), along with leaky, exponential, and adaptive‐exponential integrate‐and‐fire (IF). It was found that IF models do not entirely reflect the experimental behavior while the HH and FH model did qualitatively replicate the observed neural responses. Changing the time constants and steady state values of the ion gates in the FH model alters the response to both the sinusoidal and TI signal, possibly reducing the firing threshold of the sinusoidal input below that of the TI input. The results show that in the modified (simplified) model, TI stimulation is not qualitatively impacted by nonlinearities in the current–voltage relation. In contrast, ion channels have a significant impact on the neuronal response. This paper offers insights into neuronal biophysics and computational models of TI stimulation.

show abstract

A partially averaged system to model neuron responses to interferential current stimulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interferential current (IFC) therapy is a noninvasive electrical neurostimulation technique intended to activate deep neurons using surface electrodes. In IFC, two independent kilohertz-frequency currents purportedly intersect where an interference field is generated. However, the effects of IFC on neurons within and outside the interference field are not completely understood, and it is unclear whether this technique can reliable activate deep target neurons without side effects. In recent years, realistic computational models of IFC have been introduced to quantify the effects of IFC on brain cells, but they are often complex and computationally costly. Here, we introduce a simplified model of IFC based on the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model of a neuron. By considering a modified averaging method, we obtain a non-autonomous approximated system, with explicit representation of relevant IFC parameters. For this approximated system we determine conditions under which it reliably approximates the complete FHN system under IFC stimulation, and we mathematically prove its ability to predict nonspiking states. In addition, we perform numerical simulations that show that the interference effect is observed only for a narrow set of IFC parameters and, in particular, for a beat frequency no higher than about 100 [Hz]. Our novel model tailored to the IFC technique contributes to the understanding of neurostimulation modalities using this type of signals, and can have implications in the design of noninvasive electrical stimulation therapies.

show abstract

Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Biophysics of Temporal Interference Stimulation

Biophysics of Temporal Interference Stimulation

Nonlinearities and timescales in neural models of temporal interference stimulation

A partially averaged system to model neuron responses to interferential current stimulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About