Feasibility of coupling a thermal/optical carbon analyzer to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for enhanced PM<sub>2.5</sub> speciation

Riggio, Gustavo M.; Chow, Judith C.; Cropper, Paul M.; Wang, Xiaoliang; Yatavelli, R. L. N.; Yang, Xufei; Watson, John G.

doi:10.1080/10962247.2017.1394928

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Speciation of organics in the atmospheric aerosol has usually accounted from about 20% or less of the total organic fraction. The simplified methods have allowed for "closure" of the aerosol mass balance with certain assumptions about the relation between organic matter and organic carbon (Turpin and Lim 2001;El-Zanan et al 2009;Chow et al 2018;Riggio 2018). However, the detailed mechanisms for formation of organic components vs. derivation from sources still require knowledge of organic speciation in the particles.…”

Section: Mass Concentration and Particle Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aerosols: Some Highlights and Highlighters, 1950 to 2018

Hidy¹

2019

Aerosol Sci Eng

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The science of atmospheric aerosols began more than a century ago; it has experienced major advancements after the mid-twentieth century with motivation from diverse public interests and concerns for environmental protection. At least six generations of mentored investigators have involvement in these advancements. Since the 1950s, important knowledge has emerged in the theory of the dynamics of suspended particles and advanced measurements. Important developments in the theory of atmospheric aerosols include: (a) nucleation and growth mechanisms, (b) formalization of particle dynamics in the Knudsen regimes, (c) characterization of the mechanisms for the particle-size distribution, (d) identification of chemical processes for atmospheric particle sources, and (e) model integration of particle physical and chemical processes with meteorological processes. Important advances in measurements have included: (a) semicontinuous determination of particle-size distributions, (b) new methods for sampling and analysis of mass concentration and composition, (c) methods for continuous characterization of aerosol chemical properties, and (d) development of direct sensing techniques using optical properties. Examples of breakthroughs in these areas are given in the text. Illustrations of achievements in each of the areas are included in the paper. The survey is completed with comments on the generational nature of investigator contributions to aerosol science.

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Section: Mass Concentration and Particle Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aerosols: Some Highlights and Highlighters, 1950 to 2018

Hidy¹

2019

Aerosol Sci Eng

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“…Reduction of the "sum of species" and OC abundances from fresh to aged profiles can be 292 offset by the formation of oxygenated organic compounds as the profiles age. Different 293 assumptions have been used to transform OC to organic mass (OM) to account for unmeasured H, 294 O, N, and S in organic compounds (Cao, 2018; Chow et al, 2015a; Riggio et al, 2018). As single 295 multipliers for OC cannot capture changes by oxidation in the OFR, OM is calculated by 296 subtracting mineral components (using the IMPROVE soil formula by Malm et al (1994)), major 297 ions (i.e., NH4 + , NO3 -, and SO4 = ), and EC from PM2.5 mass to account for unmeasured mass in 298 organic compounds (Chow et al, 2015a;Frank, 2006 The highest OM/OC ratios are found for Russian peat, ranging 1.6-1.7 for fresh profiles 309 and increasing to 2.1-2.2 for aged profiles, consistent with formation of low vapor pressure 310 oxygenated compounds in the OFR.…”

Section: Organic Mass (Om) and Om/oc Ratios 291mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> Peat Combustion Source Profiles with Atmospheric Aging in an Oxidation Flow Reactor

Chow¹,

Cao²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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24Smoke from laboratory chamber burning of peat fuels from Russia, Siberia, U.S.A. (Alaska 25 and Florida), and Malaysia representing boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions was 26 sampled before and after passing through a potential aerosol mass-oxidation flow reactor (PAM-27 OFR) to simulate ~2-and 7-day atmospheric aging. Species abundances in PM2.5 between aged 28 and fresh profiles varied by >5 orders of magnitude with two distinguishable clusters: around 29 0.1% for reactive and ionic species and mostly >10 % for carbon. 30Organic carbon (OC) accounted for 58-85 % of PM2.5 mass in fresh profiles with low EC 31 abundance (0.67-4.4 %). After a 7-day aging time, degradation was 20-33 % for OC, with 32 apparent reductions (4-12 %) in low temperature OC1 and OC2 (thermally evolved at 140 and 33 280 °C), implying evaporation of higher vapor pressure semi-volatile organic compounds 34 (SVOCs). Additional losses of OC from 2-to 7-days aging is somewhat offset by the formation 35 of oxygenated organic compounds, as evidenced by the 12-19 % increase in organic mass (OM) 36 to OC ratios. However, the reduction of OM abundances in PM2.5 by 3-18 % after 7 days, 37 reconfirms that volatilization is the main loss mechanism of SVOCs. Although the ammonia 38 (NH3) to PM2.5 ratio rapidly diminished with a 2-day aging time, it represents an intermediate 39 profile -not sufficient for completed OC evaporation, levoglucosan degradation, organic acid 40 oxidation, or secondary inorganic aerosol formation. 41Week-long aging resulted in an increase to ~7-8 % of NH4 + and NO3abundances, but with 42 enhanced degradation of NH3, low temperature OC, and levoglucosan for Siberia, Alaska, and 43 Everglasdes (FL) peats. Elevated levoglucosan was found for Russian peats, accounting for 35-44 39 % and 20-25 % of PM2.5 mass for fresh and aged profiles, respectively. Abundances of water-45 soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM2.5 was >2-fold higher in fresh Russian (37.0 ± 2.7 %) than 46 Malaysian (14.6 ± 0.9 %) peats. While Russian peat OC emissions are largely water-soluble, 47to-particle partitioning of semi-volatilized species, gas-phase oxidation, and particle volatilization 54 to achieve representative source profiles for regional-scale source apportionment. 55 56 Keywords: fresh and aged source profiles, atmospheric aging, organic mass, organic carbon, 57 levoglucosan, oxidation flow reactor (OFR) 58

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Measuring the Organic Carbon to Organic Matter Multiplier with Thermal/Optical Carbon-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Analyses

et al. 2018

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Feasibility of coupling a thermal/optical carbon analyzer to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for enhanced PM_2.5 speciation

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Atmospheric Aerosols: Some Highlights and Highlighters, 1950 to 2018

Atmospheric Aerosols: Some Highlights and Highlighters, 1950 to 2018

Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> Peat Combustion Source Profiles with Atmospheric Aging in an Oxidation Flow Reactor

Measuring the Organic Carbon to Organic Matter Multiplier with Thermal/Optical Carbon-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Analyses

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Feasibility of coupling a thermal/optical carbon analyzer to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for enhanced PM2.5 speciation

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Atmospheric Aerosols: Some Highlights and Highlighters, 1950 to 2018

Atmospheric Aerosols: Some Highlights and Highlighters, 1950 to 2018

Changes in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; Peat Combustion Source Profiles with Atmospheric Aging in an Oxidation Flow Reactor

Measuring the Organic Carbon to Organic Matter Multiplier with Thermal/Optical Carbon-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Analyses

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Feasibility of coupling a thermal/optical carbon analyzer to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for enhanced PM_2.5 speciation

Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> Peat Combustion Source Profiles with Atmospheric Aging in an Oxidation Flow Reactor